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1.1

Æ®·°¿îÀü¼ö°¡ ³ëº¯ ½Ä´ç¿¡ ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù. ¿þÀÌÆ®·¹½º°¡ Çܹö°Å Çϳª, Ä¿ÇÇ ÇÑÀÜ, ÆÄÀÌ ÇÑÂÊÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. Æ®·°¿îÀü¼ö°¡ ¸ÔÀ¸·Á´Â ¼ø°£ °¡Á× ÀÚÄÏ Â÷¸²ÀÇ ¼¼ ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¿ÀÅä¹ÙÀ̸¦ ¼¼¿ö³õ°í ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ÇÑ ¸íÀº Æ®·°¿îÀü¼öÀÇ Çܹö°Å¸¦ ³¬¾ÆÃ«°í, µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ¸¶¼Ì°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ÆÄÀ̸¦ »©¾Ñ¾Ò´Ù. Æ®·°¿îÀü¼ö´Â ÇѸ¶µð ¸»µµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ÀϾ ÀÚÄÏÀ» ÀÔ°í °è»êÀ» ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª°¬´Ù.

¿ÀÅä¹ÙÀÌÁ· ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ °è»êÇÏ´Â ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "º° º¼ÀÏ ¾ø´Â ³²ÀÚÁö?"

"º° º¼ÀÏ ¾ø´Â ¿îÀü¼öÀ̱⵵ ÇØ¿ä. ¹æ±Ý ±×ÀÇ Æ®·°À¸·Î ¿ÀÅä¹ÙÀÌ 3 ´ë¸¦ ±ò¾Æ¹¶°º¾î¿ä." ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù.

*diner ±æ°¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº ½Ä´ç a small restaurant beside the road

*about to ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ» ¸· ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â on the point of (doing something), just going to (do something): ³ª´Â ¸· Ãâ¹ßÇÏ·Á´ø ÂüÀ̾ú´Ù. I was about to start.

.*pull up (Â÷·® µûÀ§°¡) ¼­´Ù; ¸ØÃß´Ù come to a stop: Â÷´Â ½ÅÈ£µî ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù. The car pulled up at the traffic lights.

*grab ¼¼°Ô ¿òÄÑÁã´Ù, ³¬¾ÆÃ¤´Ù take roughly; selfishly or eagerly snatch: °³´Â »À¸¦ ³¬¾ÆÃ¦ ´ÙÀ½ ´Þ¾Æ³µ´Ù. The dog grabbed the bone and ran off with it.

*cashier Çö±ÝÃâ³³¿ø person who receives and pays out money in a bank, store, etc.

*not much of a ´ë´ÜÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº not a good: ±×´Â ÇÐÀڷμ­ ´ë´ÜÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù. He's not much of a scholar.

*put on ¡¦À» ÀÔ´Ù clothe oneself with: ¸ðÀÚ¸¦ ¾²´Ù put one's hat on

*run over Ä¡´Ù (of a vehicle, knock down and) pass over: ¹ö½º°¡ ±×ÀÇ ´Ù¸®¸¦ Ä¡¾ú´Ù. The bus ran over his legs.

The truck driver stopped at a roadside diner. His waitress brought him a hamburger, a cup of coffee and a piece of pie. As the trucker was about to start eating, three men in leather jackets pulled up on motorcycles and came inside. One grabbed the man's hamburger, the second one drank his coffee and the other one took his pie. The truck driver didn't say a word. He got up, put on his jacket, paid the cashier and left.

One of the bikers said to the cashier, "Not much of a man, is he?"

"He's not much of a driver either," she replied. "He just ran his truck over three motorcycles."




1.2

³²ÀÚ´Â Àǻ翡°Ô Àü¿¡ ´Ã ÇØ¿Ô´ø ¸ðµç Áý¾È ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. °ËÁøÀÌ ³¡³µÀ» ¶§ ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "ÀÇ»ç ¼±»ý´Ô, ¹Þ¾Æµå¸± ¸¶À½ÀÇ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹«¾ùÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ½¬¿î ¿µ¾î·Î ¸»¾¸ÇØÁֽʽÿÀ."

"½¬¿î ¿µ¾î·Î ¸»Çؼ­," Àǻ簡 ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "´ç½ÅÀº °ÔÀ¸¸¥ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù."

"¾Ë°Ú½À´Ï´Ù." ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "ÀÌÁ¦ Á¦ ó¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØÁÙ ÀÇÇпë¾î¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄÁֽʽÿÀ."

*used °ú°Å¿¡ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ» Çϰï Çß¾ú´Ù (used in the past tense for showing that something always or regularly happened): Àü¿¡´Â ±ØÀå¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ °¬¾ú´Âµ¥ ¿äÁòÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. I used to go to the cinema a lot, but I never get the time now.

*can take it °íÅëÀ» °¨¼öÇÒ ¸¶À½ÀÇ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù be able to endure suffering, etc.

*plain ÆòÀÌÇØ¼­ ¾Ë±â ½¬¿î clear; easy to see, hear, or understand: ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë±â ½¬¿î ¿µ¾î·Î ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. Explain it in plain English.

*term ¿ë¾î a word or expression that has a particular meaning or is used in a particular activity, job, profession, etc.: °ÇÃà¾÷¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿ë¾î a term used in the building trade

The man told his doctor that he wasn't able to do all the things around the house that he used to do. When the examination was complete, he said, "Now, Doc, I can take it. Tell me in plain English what is wrong with me."

"Well, in plain English," the doctor replied, "you're just lazy."

"Okay," said the man. "Now give me the medical term so I can tell my wife."

1.3

ÇÑ ¸íÀº ´Ä°í ÇÑ ¸íÀº ÀþÀº µÎ Á¤½Å°ú Àǻ簡 ¸ÅÀÏ ±ò²ûÇÏ°Ô Â÷·ÁÀÔ°í, ¸¼Àº ±âºÐÀ¸·Î Ãâ±ÙÇÑ´Ù. Àϰú°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§ ÀþÀº ÀÇ»ç´Â ³ìÃʰ¡ µÇ°í ÇëŬ¾îÁ³´Âµ¥ ´ÄÀº ÀÇ»ç´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ê¶æÇÏ´Ù.

"¾î°¼­ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù?" ÀþÀº Á¤½Å°ú Àǻ簡 µ¿·á Àǻ翡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù. "¿ÂÁ¾ÀÏ È¯ÀÚµéÀÇ À̾߱⸦ µè°í¼­µµ Ç×»ó ¸ÖÂÄÇϽʴϴÙ." Àǻ簡 ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "³­ ±Í´ã¾Æ µèÁö ¾Ê°Åµç."

*psychiatrist Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç a doctor trained in the study and treatment of diseases of the mind

*both µÑ ´Ù the two: µÑ ´Ù ÁÁ´Ù. Both are good.

*show up ¿¹»óµÈ °÷¿¡ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù arrive as expected: ³×°¡ ÃÊ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¿Ô³Ä? Did everyone you invited show up?

*alert ±â¹ÎÇÑ; Á¤½ÅÀ» ¹Ù¦ Â÷¸®°í ÀÖ´Â full awake; lively: ±â¹ÎÇÏ°Ô ´ë´äÇÏ´Â alert in answering questions

*immaculate ±ò²ûÇÑ clean and unspoiled: ±ò²ûÇÑ Èò ±¸µÎ immaculate white shoes

*frazzled Àܶà ÁöÄ£ worn out; being completely tired in body and mind, owing to hard work or other difficulties: ¿ì¸®¸¦ ³ìÃÊ·Î ¸¸µç ´ÊÀº ¹ãÀÇ ÆÄƼ a late party that left us frazzled

*dishevelled (¸Ó¸®°¡) ÇëŬ¾îÁø (especially someone's hair) untidy: È寮·¯Áø ¿Ü¸ð dishevelled appearance

*colleague Á÷Àå µ¿·á someone who works in the same place: ±×³à¿Í ³ª´Â Á÷À嵿·áÀÌ´Ù. She and I are colleagues.

Two psychiatrists, one old and one young, both show up each day for work immaculately dressed and alert. At the end of the day, the young doctor is frazzled and disheveled; the older man, fresh as ever.

"How do you do it?" the young psychiatrist asked his colleague. "You always stay so fresh after hearing patients all day." The doctor replied, "I never listen."

1.4

¾î´À Áß³â ºÎºÎ¿Í °ø¿ø¿¡¼­ °°Àº º¥Ä¡¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºÎÀÎÀº °¡Á®¿Â ¿©·¯ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥ Áß ÇÑ ±Ç¿¡ ½ÉÃëÇØ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ³²ÆíÀº Áö³ª°¡´Â ¿¹»Û ¿©ÀÚµéÀ» ¶Õ¾îÁö°Ô ÃÄ´Ùº¸°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "¿©º¸," ºÎÀÎÀÌ Ã¥ ÇÑ ±ÇÀ» Áָ鼭 ¸»Çß´Ù. "Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ´«À» ½¬´Â °Ô ¾î¶§¿ä?"

*engross ¸ôµÎÇÏ´Ù fill completely the time and attention of; absorb: ½Ã°£À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀØÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÀÏ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇß´Ù. I was so engrossed in my work that I completely forgot the time.

*ogle Ã߯ď¦ ´øÁö´Ù look (at) with great interest, especially sexual interest: ÀþÀº ¿©Àڵ鿡°Ô Ã߯ď¦ ´øÁö´Â ´ÄÀºÀ̵é old men ogling young girls

*offer ÁÖ´Ù; Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù provide; give: ±× Çù¾àÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÆòÈ­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë¸¦ º°·Î ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. The agreement does not offer much hope of a lasting peace.

*volume Ã¥ a book: ±×ÀÇ ¼­Àç´Â Èñ±ÍÇÑ °í¼­µé·Î °¡µæ á´Ù. His library was full of rare old volumes.

I was sharing a park bench with a middle-aged couple. The wife was engrossed in one of several books she had with her, while the husband ogled passing pretty women. "Dear," the wife suggested, offering one of her volumes, "why don't you read a book and rest your eyes?"


1.5

½Ã¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ÇÔ²² ³²Æí Á¦¸®°¡ ½ÂÁøÇÏ°Ô µÈ °Í¿¡ °üÇØ À̾߱âÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "±× ¾Ö´Â ȸ»çÀÇ ÃÖ¿ì¼ö »ç¿ø Áß Çϳª¾ß." ½Ã¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇϰí, ¹ÏÀ½Á÷½º·´°í, º´µµ ¾È³ª."

"¸Â¾Æ¿ä." ³»°¡ µ¿°¨Çß´Ù. "¿ì¸®°¡ °áÈ¥ÇÑ 2³â µ¿¾È ¾ÆÇ ÀûÀº µÎ ¹ø »ÓÀ̾ú¾î¿ä."

"±× Àü¿¡´Â Á¦¸®°¡ ¾ÆÇ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾úÁö." ½Ã¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ¸»À» À̾ú´Ù.

*promotion ½ÂÁø, Áø±Þ advancement in rank or position: ½ÂÁøÀ» ÃàÇÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù! Congratulations on you promotion!

My mother-in-law and I were discussing a promotion we hoped my husband, Jerry, would get. "He's one of the best people they have," she said. "He works hard, is dependable and doesn't get sick."

"That's right," I agreed. "During the two years we've been married, he has been ill only twice."

"And Jerry was never sick before that!" my mother-in-law added.

1.6

¾ÆµéÀÌ Å¾±â Àü¿¡ ³²Æí°ú ³ª´Â º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´Â Ãâ»ê ±³½Ç¿¡ ´Ù³æ´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ ¿ì¸®´Â »ê½ÇÀ» µ¹¾Æº¸¾Ò´Ù. Áöµµ±³»ç´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Ó¹® ¸¶Áö¸· ³¯ Àú³á¿¡ µÎ »ç¶÷ ºÐ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ¹«·á·Î Á¦°øÇÏ°Ú´Ù¸ç ¸Þ´º ¼±Åÿ¡ °üÇØ ¸»ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. °ßÇÐÀ» °è¼ÓÇϸ鼭 ³ª´Â ³²Æí¿¡°Ô ¼Ó»è¿´´Ù. "¿©º¸, ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¼³·¡Á®¿ä." "³ªµµ ±×·¡." ³²ÆíÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "³ª´Â ¹Ù´å°¡Àç ¿ä¸®¸¦ ÁÖ¹®ÇҰžß."

*maternity ÀӽŰú Ãâ»êÀÇ for pregnancy and giving birth: º´¿øÀÇ »ê½Ç the hospital's maternity ward

*ward º´µ¿; º´½Ç a large room in a hospital, usually for people needing similar treatment

*complimentary ¹«»óÀ¸·Î ÁõÁ¤ÇÏ´Â giving free as a favor or out of respect: ¹«»óÀ¸·Î ÁõÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±ØÀåÇ¥ complimentary tickets for the theater

*lobster ¹Ù´å°¡Àç a large eight-legged sea animal with a shell and two large claws: Its meat can be eaten after boiling.

Before the arrival of our son, my husband and I attended birthing classes at the hospital. One day we toured the maternity ward. The instructor mentioned that on the last evening of our stay we'd be given a complimentary dinner for two, and she told us what the menu selections would be. As we continued the tour, I whispered to my husband, "Honey, I'm getting so excited."

"Me too," he replied. "I'm going to order the lobster."


1.7

¿ì¸®°¡ °ÌÀïÀÌ·Î ÇൿÇÏµç ¿µ¿õÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇϵç ÀλýÀº Èê·¯°£´Ù. ÀλýÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ÀλýÀ» ¹«Á¶°Ç ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °Í À̿ܿ¡ ÀλýÀº ´Ù¸¥ ±Ô¹üÀ» °­¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ü¸éÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í, ÇÇÇØ ´Þ¾Æ³ª·Á´Â ¸ðµç °Í, ºÎÀÎÇÏ°í °æ¸êÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ °á±¹ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÆÐ¹è½ÃŰ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¡»çÇϰí, °íÅ뽺·´°í, »ç¾ÇÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶À½À» ¿­°í ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú Áñ°Å¿ò°ú ÈûÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÃßÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç ¼ø°£Àº ±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*discipline ±Ô¹ü set rules for conduct: ±³Ä¢ school discipline

*would ¹Ù¶ó´Ù; ¿øÇÏ´Ù wish: ³Í ¹«¾ùÀ» ¿øÇϳÄ? What would you?

*but ¿ÀÁ÷; ´Ù¸¸ only: ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÃµµÇغ¼ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. We can but try.

*impose °­¿äÇÏ´Ù force the acceptance of: Á¤º¹ÀÚµéÀº ÆÐ¹èÇÑ Àû¿¡°Ô ¾î·Á¿î ÆòÈ­ Á¶°ÇÀ» °­¿äÇß´Ù. The conquerors imposed difficult conditions of peace on the defeated enemy.

*shut one's eyes to ¿Ü¸éÇÏ´Ù refuse to see or take notice of: ±×´Â º¸°í ½ÍÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ» ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Ü¸éÇß´Ù. He deliberately shut his eyes to what he did not wish to see.

*serve µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Ù be of use: ±×°ÍÀº ±×ÀÇ Á¤Á÷¼ºÀ» Áõ¸íÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. That serves to show his honesty.

*in the end ¸¶Ä§³»; °á±¹ finally, at last: »ýȰºñ¸¦ ¹ú·Á°í ¿©·¯¸ð·Î ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù ¸¶Ä§³» ±×´Â ³óÀå ÀϲÛÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. He tried many ways of earning a living; in the end he became a farm laborer.

*nasty ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ; ¿ª°Ü¿î dirty; disgusting; unpleasant: Ä¡»ç½º·± ³²ÀÚ a man with a nasty mind

*source ±Ù¿ø; Ãâó place from which something comes: ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀÇ Ãâó´Â ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. The news comes from a reliable source.

*vision ÅëÂû·Â; Çý¾È power of seeing or imagining, looking ahead, grasping the truth that underlies facts: ¼±ÁöÀÚÀÇ Çý¾È the vision of a prophet

*recognize ¾Ë´Ù; ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù see clearly; be prepared to agree: ±×¸¦ »ó¼ÓÀÚ·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù recognize him as heir

Life moves on, whether we act as cowards or as heroes. Life has no other discipline to impose, if we would but realize it, than to accept life unquestioningly. Everything we shut our eyes to, everything we run away from, everything we deny, or despise, serves to defeat us in the end. What seems nasty, painful, evil, can become a source of beauty, joy and strength, if faced with open mind. Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it as such.

1.8

±â¾ï·Â ÈÆ·Ã ÄÚ½º°¡ ¿äÁò Å©°Ô À¯ÇàÇϰí Àִµ¥ ±â¾ïÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °Í °°´Ù. ±â¾ïÀÇ Áñ°Å¿òµµ ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸Á°¢µµ Àΰ£À» ÇູÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ÇÑ ¸òÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ¸Æº£µå ºÎºÎ´Â ´øÄÁÀ» »ìÇØÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÀØÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ´ë°¡¶óµµ Ä¡·¶À» °ÍÀ̰í, Á¤Ä¡°¡µéÀº ¼±°Å °ø¾àÀ» ÀØ°Ô ÇØÁÙ °ÍÀ» °¥¸ÁÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡´Â °ú°Å¿¡ ´çÇÑ »óó¸¦ ÀØÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ ³²¿¡°Ô ÇàÇÑ ³ª»Û ÁþÀ» ÀØÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ºñÂüÇÏ´Ù. ±â¾ïÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀº Àذí, Àؾî¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀº ±â¾ïÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾àÁ¡À» ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â¾ï·Â ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*be in/come into vogue À¯ÇàÇÏ´Ù be popular: ³¡ÀÌ »ÏÁ·ÇÑ ±¸µÎ°¡ À¯ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦¿´³Ä? When did pointed shoes come into vogue?

*take something for granted ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù accept it without question: ¿ì¸®°¡ »õ µµ·Î¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. I take it for granted that we should build new roads.

*rate Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù consider; set a value on: ³ª´Â ±×¸¦ ½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÑ´Ù. I rate him high as a poet.

*a good deal »ó´çÇÑ ¾ç, Á¤µµ a large or considerable quantity; quite a lot: ±×´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ÀÇ·áºñ·Î ½è¾ß Çß´Ù. He has had to spend a good deal of money on medicine.

*long °¥¸ÁÇÏ´Ù desire earnestly; wish for very much: ³Ê¸¦ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ±â¸¦ °£ÀýÈ÷ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù. I'm longing to see you.

*pledge ¼­¾à; °ø¾à a solemn promise or agreement: ¿øÁ¶¸¦ Çϰڴٴ ¼­¾à a pledge of aid

*inflict °íÅëÀ» °¡ÇÏ´Ù cause to suffer: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ½ÉÇÑ »óó¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷´Ù inflict a severe wound upon somebody

*constitute Çü¼ºÇÏ´Ù, ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Ù make up; be the components of: ±×´Â ºÎ´çÇÑ ºñÆÇÀ» È­³»Áö ¾Ê°í ¹Þ¾Æµå¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼º°ÝÀÌ´Ù. He's so constituted (=His nature is such) that he can accept unjust criticism without getting angry.

*overcome ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Ù get the better of; be too strong for: ¾Ç½ÀÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Ù overcome a bad habit

Memory-training courses are much in vogue nowadays, and it seems to be taken for granted that the more things we remember, the happier we are. The pleasures of memory must certainly be rated high, but I am sure forgetfulness also plays a part in making human beings happy. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth would have given a good deal to be able to forget the murder of Duncan, and many a politician has longed to be allowed to forget his election pledges. Some of the unhappiest people in the world are those who cannot forget injuries inflicted on them in the past. Others are equally miserable, because they cannot forget wrongs they have done others. Human beings are so constituted, indeed, that they forget the things they would like to remember, and remember the things they would prefer to forget. The memory should be trained, I think, to overcome both those weaknesses.

1.9

¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®¿¡°Ô '¾Æ´Ï¿À'¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ È£°¨À» ÀÒ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¸Ô°í»ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â È®½ÅÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®¿¡°Ô '¾Æ´Ï¿À'¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡Á·µéÀÌ °è¼Ó »ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ ºÎ¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯Ç߰ųª °ú°Å¿¡ ¹ø µ·À» ÀúÃàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Ó°Ô Ãâ¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÀÏÅÍ·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½ ³¢´Ï¸¦ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.

*among other things ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² °Íº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú above all, most of all: ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ÌÀÎÀ̱⸦ ¹Ù¶ú´Ù. He liked his women, among other things, to be lookers.

*boss ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®; »ó±ÞÀÚ superior; person who controls or gives orders to workers: ÀÌ Áý¾È¿¡ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®°¡ ´©±¸³Ä? Who's the boss in this house?

*favor È£ÀÇ; ÃÑ¾Ö active approval: ±×³àÀÇ È¯½ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á°í ±×´Â ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇß´Ù. He did all he could to win her favor.

*withdraw ö¼ö½ÃŰ´Ù pull or draw back; take out or away: ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù°í À§ÇùÇß´Ù. The workers threatened to withdraw their labor.

*means µ·; Àç¹° money; wealth; resources: ´ç½Å°ú °°Àº Àç»ê°¡ a man of your means

*accumulate ÃàÀûÇÏ´Ù make or become greater; heap up: ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇÏ¸é °Å±ÝÀ» ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å´Ù. By working hard you may accumulate a fortune.

*surplus À׿©; ³²´Â °Í amount in excess of requirements: Áö³­ÇØ ºê¶óÁú¿¡´Â Ä¿Çǰ¡ ³²¾Æµ¹¾Ò´Ù. Brazil has a surplus of coffee last year.

*wages ³ëÀÓ, ÀÓ±Ý(ìüÐÝ) payment made or received for work or services: ±×ÀÇ ÀÓ±ÝÀº ÁÖ´ç 500´Þ·¯ÀÌ´Ù. His wages are $500 a week.

*virgin óÀ½ÀÇ; ³²ÀÌ ¼Õ´ëÁö ¾ÊÀº fresh; unchanged by human activity: óÀ½À¸·Î °³Ã´ÇÑ ÆÇ¸Å Áö¿ª virgin sales territory

*territory Áö¿ª; ±¸¿ª an area of interest: ÀÌ ¼¼ÀÏÁî¸ÇÀº ³ÐÀº Áö¿ªÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ñ´Ù. This salesman travels over a large territory.

Democracy is, among other things, the ability to say 'No' to the boss. But a man cannot say 'No' to the boss unless he is sure of being able to eat when the boss's favor has been withdrawn. And he cannot be certain of his next meal unless he owned the means of producing enough wealth for his family to live on, or has been able to accumulate a surplus out of past wages, or has a chance of moving away to virgin territories, where he can make a fresh new start.

1.10

óÀ½¿£ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù°¡ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼º°øÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÈûÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ù¹ø ½Ãµµ¿¡ ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷ ¼ö´Â Àû´Ù. ÁÔ ½ºÅ¸Àκ¤Àº ÀÛ°¡·Î¼­ ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È ±¾ÁÖ¸®´Ù°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´ø ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¾ò¾î¼­ '¼º³­ Æ÷µµ'¸¦ ½è´Ù. ÇèÇÁ¸® º¸°¡µå´Â ±³¼ö¸¦ ºÐ¼ö ¼Ó¿¡ ´øÁ® ´ëÇп¡¼­ ÂѰܳ¯ Á¤µµ·Î ´Ù·ç±â¾î·Á¿î ¸»½é²Ù·¯±â¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ±×°¡ Àǻ簡 µÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶úÁö¸¸ º¸°¡µå´Â ¿ù ½ºÆ®¸®Æ®¿¡ Áõ±Ç ºê·ÎÄ¿·Î¼­ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿¹Àμ± °Ë»ç¿øÀ¸·Î¼­Á¶Â÷ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù. ÁÖ´ç 50´Þ·¯¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ¹«´ë ¸Å´ÏÀú·Î¼­ ¼î ºñÁö³×½º¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇØº¸·Á ÇßÁö¸¸ ÇØ°í´çÇß´Ù. ¿¬±â ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¹æÇâÀ» ¹Ù²ã ÇϿ콺º¸ÀÌ¿ªÀ» ¸Ã¾Æ óÀ½À¸·Î ¹«´ë¿¡ ³ª¿Ô´Âµ¥ ù³¯ ¹ã °ø¿¬¿¡¼­ Á¢½Ã Æ®·¹À̸¦ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®´Â ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁú·¶´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ¹è¿ì·Î ´ë¼ºÇß°í ¿µÈ­°èÀÇ Àü¼³ÀûÀÎ Àι°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.

*inspire ÈûÀ» ÁÖ´Ù; °í¹«½ÃŰ´Ù encourage in someone the ability to act: ´ç½ÅÀº ³»°¡ ´õ Å« ³ë·ÂÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ÈûÀ» ÁØ´Ù. You inspire me to greater efforts.

*struggle ¾Ö¾²´Ù make great efforts: µµµÏÀº °æÂû°üÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» »Ñ¸®Ä¡°í ´Þ¾Æ³ª·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ½è´Ù. The thief struggled in the policeman's arms to get free.

*make it ¼º°øÇÏ´Ù succeed: ¿¬¿¹°è¿¡¼­ Á¤»ó¿¡ ¿À¸£±â´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. It's hard to make it to the top in show business.

*venture À§ÇèÀÌ µû¸£´Â ÀÏ undertaking in which there is risk: ¸ðÇèÀûÀÎ »ç¾÷ a business venture

*theme ÁÖÁ¦ the subject of a talk, piece of writing, etc.: ±×ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³µéÀº ÀÚ¾Æ ¹ß°ßÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÁ¦¿Í ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. His stories are linked by the theme of self-discovery.

*misfit ºÎÀû°ÝÀÚ; ¸»½é²Ù·¯±â person not well suited to his position or his associates: Á÷ÀåÀÇ ºÎÀû°ÝÀÚ a misfit in one's job

*expel ÃàÃâÇÏ´Ù; ÂѾƹö¸®´Ù send out or away by force: Ŭ·´¿¡¼­ ÂѰܳª´Ù be expelled from a club

*tug-boat ¿¹Àμ± a small powerful boat used for pulling ships

*inspector °Ë»ç¿ø an official who examines the details of something: °ËÇ¥¿øÀÌ ±âÂ÷¿¡ ÅÀ´Ù. A ticket inspector got on the train.

*turn to ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù begin work: À§¿øÈ¸´Â ÀÏ¿¡ Âø¼öÇÏ¿© °ð °èȹ¾ÈÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. The committee turned to and soon produced a plan.

*part ¿ªÇÒ; ¹è¿ª a character acted by an actor in a play, film, etc.: ±×³à´Â »õ·Î¿î ¿µÈ­¿¡ ¸ÚÁø ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. She's been offered a marvelous part in the new film.

*performance ¿¬±ØÀÇ °ø¿¬ performing of a plat at the theater: 1ÀÏ 2ȸ °ø¿¬ two performances a day

*score ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò´Ù; ¼º°øÇÏ´Ù gain or win: ÀÌ ÀÛ°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àαâ Àִ åÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Ù½Ã ¼º°øÇß´Ù. This writer has scored again with another popular book.

*legend ´ë´ÜÈ÷ À¯¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷ a famous person or act in a particular area of activity: ±×´Â °úÇÐÀû ¹ß°ßÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ »ýÀü¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ À¯¸íÇÑ Àι°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. He is a legend in his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries.

The list of first failures who became successes is inspiring to anyone still struggling to "make it." The number of people who became successes in their first ventures are small. John Steinbeck nearly starved as a writer for years, until he found the theme he needed, and wrote The Grapes of Wrath. Humphrey Bogart was such an unmanageable misfit that he got expelled from college for dumping a professor into a fountain. His father wanted him to be a doctor, but Bogart failed as a Wall Street stockbroker and even as a tugboat inspector. Trying show business as a stage manager at $50 a week, he got fired. He turned to acting and in his first stage appearance, in the part of a houseboy, he accidentally dropped a tray of dishes on stage during the opening night performance. But he finally scored as an actor and became a motion picture legend.

1.11

º¸´Ù Æò¹üÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼­ ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ³²ÀÚ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¸ñÇ¥µéÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϴµ¥ ¸ôµÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ¸Ô°í»ç´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÁýÂøÇÑ´Ù. ½Ä»ýȰ°ú ÁÖ°Å, µ·¹úÀÌ, ü¸éÀ¯Áö, °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é °¡Á¤±îÁö¡ªÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀÌ "½Ç¿ëÀû"À̶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ±â¿©Çϰųª ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº öÀúÇÏ°Ô ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ï½ÃÇϰí Àִ Ư¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ÍµéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ "½Ç¿ëÀû"À̶ó´Â ¸»Àº Âù»ç°¡ µÇ°í "½ÃÀû"À̶ó´Â ¸»À» °æ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*attain ¾ò´Ù; ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Ù succeed in doing or getting: ±â´ëÇÏ´ø ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Ù attain the end one has in view

*stick to °í¼öÇÏ´Ù be faithful to; remain determined: °á½ÉÀ» °í¼öÇÏ´Ù stick to a resolution

*shelter ÁÖ°ÅÁö the providing of a place to live or stay: ÀǽÄÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿å±¸ our need for food, clothing, and shelter

*maintain À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù keep up; retain; continue: ¿ìÈ£Àû °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù maintain friendly relations with

*acute ¿¹¸®ÇÑ keen, sharp, quick: ±×´Â °üÂû·ÂÀÌ ¿¹¸®ÇÏ´Ù. He is an acute observer.

*regard °ü½É attention; concern; consideration: ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±âºÐ¿¡ ÀüÇô ¹«°ü½ÉÇÏ´Ù. He has very little regard for the feelings of others.

*feature Ư¡ characteristic or striking part: Áö¿ªÀÇ Áö¸®Àû Ư¡ the geographical features of a district, e.g. mountains, lakes

*contribute ±â¿©ÇÏ´Ù, À̹ÙÁöÇÏ´Ù have a share in; help to bring about: ±×´Â ¼ú ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Å¼¼¸¦ ¸ÁÃÆ´Ù. Drink contributed to his ruin.

*systematic öÀúÇÑ thorough: °æÂûÀº ±× ¹æÀ» öÀúÈ÷ ¼ö»öÇß´Ù. The police made a systematic search of the room.

*trait Ư¼º distinguishing quality or characteristic: ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö Ư¼ºÀº °ü´ëÇÔ°ú Á¤·ÂÀÌ´Ù. Two traits in the American character are generosity and energy.

*popularly ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î; ³Î¸® generally; by most people: ±×ÀÇ À̸§Àº ·Î¹öÆ®Àε¥ º¸Åë º¾À̶ó°í ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. His name is Robert, but he's popularly known as Bob.

*vital °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ of critical importance: À̾߱âÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Á¡À» ³õÄ¡´Ù miss the vital point of the speech

*eulogy Âù»ç high praise: ¿ÕÁ·¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Âù»ç a eulogy to the royal family

In a more usual sense, perhaps, a practical man is a man occupied with attaining certain ends that people consider important. He must stick pretty close to the business of feeding and preserving life. Nourishment and shelter, money-making, maintaining respectability, and, if possible, a family¡ªthese are the things that give its meaning to the common word "practical." An acute regard for such features of the scenery, and the universe, as contribute or can be made to contribute to these ends, and a systematic neglect of all other features, are the traits of mind which this word popularly suggests. And it is because of the vital importance of these things to almost all people that the word "practical" is a eulogy, and is able to be so scornful of the word "poetic."

1.12

¾ó¸¶ Àü ´º¿å ½Ã³»ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¹«½Ç °Ç¹°¿¡¼­ È­¹° Àü¿ë ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ¸¸³µ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ¿ÞÂÊ ¼Õ¸ñÀÌ Àß·Á³ª°£ °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼ÕÀÌ ºÒ±¸°¡ µÈ °ÍÀÌ ºÒÆíÇÑÁö¸¦ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "¾Æ´Ï¿À, ±×°Í¿¡ °üÇØ º°·Î »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä. ³ª´Â °áÈ¥µµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ºÒ±¸°¡ µÈ °ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù´Ã¿¡ ½ÇÀ» ²ç·Á ÇÒ ¶§»ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù." ¿ì¸®´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °æ¿ì ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµ·Î °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »óȲÀ» »¡¸® ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰í, ÀûÀÀÇϰí, Àؾî¹ö¸°´Ù.

*run ¿îÇàÇÏ´Ù work; operate: ´ç½ÅÀº Æ®·¢Å͸¦ ¸ô ÁÙ ¾Æ½Ê´Ï±î? Can you run a tractor?

*loss ¼Õ½Ç act or fact of losing: ¸¹Àº ¼±¹ÚÀ» ÀÒÀº Á¦µ¶Àº »ó½ÉÇß´Ù. The loss of so many ships worried the Admiral.

*bother ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù be or cause trouble to; worry: Àú »ç¶÷Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª µ·À» ºô·Á´Þ¶ó°í ³ª¸¦ ±«·ÓÈù´Ù. That man is always bothering me to lend him money.

*thread a needle ¹Ù´Ã¿¡ ½ÇÀ» ²ç´Ù pass a thread through the eye of a needle

*adjust oneself to ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Ù make suitable or convenient: ±×³à´Â »õ·Î¿î »óȲ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ¾ß ÇÒ°Å´Ù. She will have to adjust herself to new conditions.

A few years ago, I met a man who was running a freight elevator in one of the downtown office buildings in New York. I noticed that his left hand had been cut off at the wrist. I asked him if the loss of that hand bothered him. He said, "Oh, no, I hardly ever think about it. I am not married; and the only time I ever think about it is when I try to thread a needle." It is astonishing how quickly we can accept almost any situation¡ªif we have to¡ªand adjust ourselves to it and forget about it.

1.13

¾î¶² ºÒ¿îÀÌ À§ÇùÀ» ÁÙ ¶§, ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »çŰ¡ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÁøÁöÇÏ°í ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó. ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ºÒ¿îÀ» Á÷½ÃÇÏ°í °á±¹ ±×·¸°Ô ´ë´ÜÇÑ Àç³­Àº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¿©±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯µéÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ ³»¶ó. ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀϾ´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »çŰ¡ ¿ìÁÖÀû Á߿伺À» °®Áö´Â ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹¬¹¬È÷ ¹Ù¶óº¸°í "°á±¹ ±×·¸°Ô ´ë´ÜÇÑ ÀÏÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß."¶ó°í ÀڽŠÀÖ°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é ±Ù½ÉÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*threaten À§ÇùÇÏ´Ù; ¾î¶² ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °Í °°´Ù seem likely to occur; be menacing: ¿ì¸®´Â À§ÇèÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. We are aware that danger threatens.

*deliberate ¼­µÎ¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â; ½ÅÁßÇÑ slow; careful; unhurried: ³ëÀÎÀº õõÈ÷ ÀÇÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÀϾ ¹æÀ» ³ª°¬´Ù. The old man rose from his chair in a deliberate way and left the room.

*look¡¦in the face ¹°²ô·¯¹Ì ÃÄ´Ùº¸´Ù look at¡¦steadily: ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â µþÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ¹°²ô·¯¹Ì ÃÄ´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù. The mother looked her daughter in the face.

*sound °ÇÀüÇÑ; ¹ÏÀ½Á÷½º·± dependable; based on reason; prudent: ¹ÏÀ½Á÷½º·± Á¤Ã¥ a sound policy

*at the worst ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ if the worst happens: ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì ±×´Â ÂѰܳ¯ °Å´Ù. He will be expelled at the worst.

*cosmic ¿ìÁÖÀûÀÎ of the whole universe or cosmos: ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ cosmic laws

*conviction ½Å³ä firm or assured belief: º»ÀÎÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÚ½ÅÀÖ°Ô ¸»¾¸µå¸³´Ï´Ù I speak in the full conviction that¡¦

*matter Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù be of importance: ³×°¡ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏµç ¾îµð¸¦ °¡µç ³ª´Â °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù. It doesn't matter to me what you do or where you go.

*diminish °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Ù make or become less: ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ ºÎ(Ý£)¸¦ Å©°Ô °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ ÀüÀï a war that seriously diminished the country's wealth

*to a certain extent (=degree) ¾î´À Á¤µµ·Î; ¾à°£ partly; so much that: ¿Âµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁ® ¼Ò¹æ°üµéÀº ºÒŸ´Â °Ç¹°À» ¶°³ª¾ß Çß´Ù. The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building.

When some misfortune threatens, consider seriously and deliberately what is the very worst that could possibly happen. Having looked this possible misfortune in the face, give yourself reasons for thinking that after all it would be no such very terrible disaster. Such reasons always exist, since at the worst nothing that happens to oneself has any cosmic importance. When you have looked for some time steadily at the worst possibility and have said to yourself with real conviction, "Well, after all, that would not matter so very much," you will find that your worry diminishes to a quite extraordinary extent.

Á¦ 2 °ú

2.1

Àè½¼Àº Á¤½Å°ú Àǻ翡°Ô °¬´Ù. "ÀÇ»ç ¼±»ý´Ô." ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "°ÆÁ¤°Å¸®°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ħ´ë ¼ÓÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¥ ¶§¸¶´Ù ħ´ë ¹Ø¿¡ ´©±º°¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µé¾î¿ä. ħ´ë ¹ØÀ¸·Î °¡¸é À§¿¡ ´©±º°¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µì´Ï´Ù. À§·Î °¡¸é ¾Æ·¡, ¾Æ·¡·Î °¡¸é À§. ¹ÌÄ¡°Ú¾î¿ä."

"2³â°£ ³»°Ô Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸½Ã¿À." Á¤½Å°ú Àǻ簡 ¸»Çß´Ù. "1ÁÖÀÏ¿¡ 3¹ø ³»°Ô ¿À¸é °íÃĵ帮°Ú½À´Ï´Ù."

"Ä¡·áºñ¿ëÀº ¾ó¸¶³ª µË´Ï±î?"

"Çѹø ¿Ã ¶§¸¶´Ù 100´Þ·¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù."

"»ý°¢ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù."

±×ÈÄ Àè½¼Àº ´Ù½Ã Àǻ翡°Ô °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 6°³¿ù Á¤µµ Áö³­ ÈÄ ±×´Â °Å¸®¿¡¼­ Àǻ縦 ¸¸³µ´Ù. "¿Ö ³»°Ô ´Ù½Ã ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¼Ò?" Á¤½Å°ú Àǻ簡 ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"Çѹø¿¡ 100´Þ·¯¾¿ ³»¸é¼­¿ä? ¾î¶² ¹ÙÅÙ´õ°¡ 10´Þ·¯¿¡ °íÃÄÁá½À´Ï´Ù."

"±×·¡¿ä? ¾î¶»°Ô?"

"ħ´ë ´Ù¸®¸¦ Àß¶ó¹ö¸®¶ó°í ¸»ÇØ Áá¾î¿ä."

*psychiatrist Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç a doctor trained in the study and treatment of diseases of the mind

*shrink ¹ÌáÔ Á¤½Å°ú ÀÇ»ç headshrinker; psychiatrist

*charge ´ë±ÝÀ» û±¸ÇÏ´Ù ask in payment: ±×µéÀº ÇÏ·í¹ã ¼÷¹Ú·á¸¦ 200´Þ·¯³ª û±¸ÇÏ·Á Çß´Ù. They tried to charge me $200 for a room for a night!

*buck ¹ÌáÔ ´Þ·¯ a dollar: 600´Þ·¯ 600 bucks

Jackson went to a psychiatrist. "Doc," he said, "I've got trouble. Every time I get into bed I think there's somebody under it. I get under the bed, I think there's somebody on top of it. Top, under, top, under. I'm going crazy!"

"Just put yourself in my hands for two years," said the shrink. "Come to me three times a week, and I'll cure you."

"How much do you charge?"

"A hundred dollars per visit."

"I'll think about it."

Jackson never went back. Six months later he met the doctor on the street. "Why didn't you ever come to see me again?" asked the psychiatrist.

"For a hundred bucks a visit? A bartender cured me for ten dollars."

"Is that so! How?"

"He told me to cut the legs off the bed."

2.2

ÇÑ À¯ÇÇÁ·ÀÌ »õ·Î »ê °í±Þ ÄÁ¹öƼºí ½Â¿ëÂ÷¸¦ ¿îÀüÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Â÷ ÁöºØÀ» ³»¸®°í, ¿À¸¥¼ÕÀº ÇÚµéÀ» Àâ°í, ¿ÞÂÊ ÆÈÀº ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹® À§¿¡ °ÉÃijõ¾Ò´Ù. Ä« ½ºÅ×·¹¿À¸¦ Å©°Ô Ʋ¾î³õ¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °í¹° Â÷°¡ Ãß¿ùÇÏ·Á´Ù ¿·À» µéÀ̹ÚÀ» ¶§±îÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. À¯ÇÇÁ·Àº Â÷¸¦ ¼¼¿ü´Ù.

"³» Â÷!" ±×°¡ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ³» Â÷!"

°æÂû°üÀÌ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, À¯ÇÇÁ·Àº »ç°í ³­ °æÀ§¸¦ À̾߱âÇß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Â÷´Â ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ²ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÁÖÇà ±â·ÏÀº 50¸¶Àϵµ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

"´ç½Å¿¡°Õ ÀÚµ¿Â÷º¸´Ù ´õ Å« °ÆÁ¤°Å¸®°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù." °æÂû°üÀÌ ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù. "±¸±ÞÂ÷°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Å ÆÈÀÌ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ´ÙÃÆ¾î¿ä." À¯ÇÇÁ·Àº ±×ÀÇ ÆÈÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "³» ·Î·º½º ½Ã°è, ³» ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ·Î·º½º!"

*yuppie ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ Àü¹®Á÷ÀÇ ÀþÀº ÃþÀ¸·Î µ·À» Àß ¾²°í °í±Þ½º·± »ýȰÀ» Áñ±â´Â »ç¶÷ young person in a professional job with a high income, especially one who enjoys spending money and having a fashionable way of life

*convertible ÁöºØÀÌ µ¤°³·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ car with a roof that can be folded back

*wheel ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ÇÚµé the steering wheel of a car: ´©À̵¿»ýÀÌ Â÷¸¦ ¿îÀüÇß´Ù. My sister was at the wheel. (=was driving)

*tape deck Å×ÀÌÇÁ ·¹ÄÚ´õ the apparatus in a tape recorder that winds the tape and plays back sound

*at full blast ÃÖ´ë Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·Î at full power: °í¼Óµµ·Î¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ÁúÁÖÇÏ´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷ a car going at full blast down the expressway

*rust bucket ¿À·¡µÈ °í¹°Â÷ very old car

*pull Â÷·®À» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Ù (of a vehicle) move: °æÂûÀº Â÷¸¦ ±æ¿·¿¡ ¼¼¿ìµµ·Ï ±×¿¡°Ô ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù. The policeman signalled to him to pull over.

*swipe ¼¼°Ô Ä¡´Ù hit hard: ±×³à°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ÇâÇØ ¼¼°Ô ÃÆÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ÇÇÇß´Ù. She swiped at his head, but he got out of the way.

*wreck ´ëÆÄµÈ Â÷·®, °Ç¹° µî vehicle, building, etc. that has been badly damaged: ±× Ãæµ¹ »ç°í·Î Â÷´Â ¾û¸ÁÁøÃ¢ÀÌ µÆ´Ù. The car was a worthless wreck after the collision.

A yuppie was driving his new BMW convertible. He had the top down, his right hand on the wheel and his left arm hanging over the door. With the tape deck going full blast, he didn't notice the rust bucket that pulled around to pass until it sideswiped him. The yuppie pulled to a stop.

"My car!" he cried. "My beautiful car!"

When a policeman came by, the yuppie told him about the accident. His car was a wreck, and it didn't even have 50 miles on it.

"You've got more to worry about than your car," the officer replied. "You need an ambulance. Your arm is badly injured." The yuppie looked at his arm and cried, "My Rolex watch¡ªmy beautiful Rolex!"

2.3

°¨¸®±³ ½ÅÀÚ, ¼º°øÈ¸ ½ÅÀÚ, ±×¸®°í Ä«Å縯 ½ÅÀÚ, ¼¼ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹·¿¡¼­ 25¾ßµå ¶³¾îÁø º¸Æ®¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¨¸®±³ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ ¹è ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í õõÈ÷ °É¾î¼­ ¶¥¿¡±îÁö ¿Ô´Ù. ¼º°øÈ¸ ½ÅÀÚµµ ¶È°°ÀÌ ¹° À§¸¦ °É¾î ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ Ä«Å縯 ½ÅÀÚ´Â ¹è ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿À´Ù ¹°¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù. ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Í ¹è·Î µ¹¾Æ°£ ±×´Â ´Ù½Ã ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í °È´Ù°¡ ¹°¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù.

¹·¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÇÑ Ä£±¸°¡ ´Ù¸¥ Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "¹ÙÀ­µ¹µéÀÌ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ±×¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØÁÙ±î?"

*Methodism °¨¸®±³ the beliefs of Christian group which follows the teachings of John Wesley

*Episcopalian ¼º°øÈ¸ a member of a church governed by bishops

*duplicate ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Ù repeat or equal: ´Ù½Ã ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½Å±âÇÑ ¹¦±â an extraordinary feat which would be impossible to duplicate

A Methodist, an Episcopalian and a Catholic were in a boat 25 yards from shore. The Methodist stepped out and calmly walked to land. The Episcopalian duplicated the exit on the water. Then the Catholic stepped out and sank. Coming up, he got back in the boat, walked out and went under again.

One dry friend on shore said to the other, "Do you think we should tell him where the rocks are?"

2.4

¿­Á¤ÀÌ ½ÄÀº ÇÑ ºÎºÎ°¡ °áÈ¥»ýȰ »ó´ãÀÚ¿¡°Ô °¬´Ù. ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê Áø·á¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡µµ °ÅÀÇ ¼º°ú°¡ ¾øÀÚ Ä¡·á»ç´Â °©Àڱ⠿©ÀÚ¸¦ ²¸¾È°í Ű½º¸¦ Çß´Ù.

"º¸¼¼¿ä." »ó´ãÀÚ°¡ ³²Æí¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "À̰ÍÀÌ ºÎÀÎÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â Ä¡·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àû¾îµµ ¿ù¿äÀÏ, ¸ñ¿äÀÏ, Åä¿äÀϸ¶´Ù."

"ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä." ³²ÆíÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¸ñ¿äÀϰú Åä¿äÀÏ¿¡ Á¦ ó¸¦ ¿©±â¿¡ µ¥·Á¿À°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ù¿äÀÏ ¹ãÀº ³»°¡ Æ÷Ä¿¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ³¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù."

*couple ÇÑ ½Ö persons associated: ±âÈ¥ Ä¿Çõé married couples

*wane ¼­¼­È÷ ¼èÅðÇÏ´Ù grow gradually smaller or less after being full or complete: ±×ÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ¾àÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. His strength is waning.

*consult Á¶¾ðÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Ù go to a person, a book, etc. for information: º¯È£»ç¿¡°Ô Á¶¾ðÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Ù consult one's lawyer

*appointment ¸¸³¯ ¾à¼Ó arrangement to meet somebody: ¿ÀÈÄ 3½Ã¿¡ Ä¡°ú¿¡ °¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. I have an appointment with my dentist at 3 p.m.

*therapist Ä¡·á»ç a specialist in a particular branch of therapy: ¾ð¾î ±³Á¤»ç a speech therapist

*therapy Ä¡·á; ¿ä¹ý curative treatment: Á¤½Å¿ä¹ý psychotherapy

*sweep ÈÛ¾µ´Ù carry along quickly and powerfully: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÎÆÄ¿¡ ÈÛ¾µ·È´Ù. We were swept along by the crowd.

A couple whose passion had waned consulted a marriage counselor. Several appointments later, after little success, the therapist suddenly swept the woman into his arms and kissed her.

"You see," the counselor said to the husband, "this is the treatment your wife needs¡ªMonday, Thursday and Saturday, at least."

"Well," replied the husband, "I can bring her in here on Thursday and Saturday, but Monday is my poker night."

2.5

¿ì¸® ÃâÆÇ»ç¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ¸¶°¨³¯ÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿ÀÀÚ 2´ëÀÇ ÆÑ½Ã¹Ð¸®°¡ Á¡°ËÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ºñ¼­µéÀº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ¸¶Áö¸· ±³Á¤°ú ÷°¡ ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ÀþÀº Á¶¼ö°¡ °¢°ú¿¡ ¹èºÎÇÒ »õ·Î¿î Áö½Ã¼­¸¦ ÇѾƸ§ ¾È°í¼­ ºÎÀå¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù. "ÆÑ½º°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ» ¶§´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÏÀ» ÇßÀ»±î¿ä?"

º°·Î ¸»ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ºÎÀåÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "±×¶§´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» Á¦ ¶§¿¡ ÇØ³ÂÁö."

*deadline ¸¶°¨ÀÏ a date or time before which something must be done or completed: ´ÙÀ½ È­¿äÀÏÀÌ ¿ø¼­ Á¦Ãâ ¸¶°¨ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Next Tuesday is the deadline for sending in your application.

*project Áß¿ä »ç¾÷ a piece of work that needs skill, effort, and careful planning, especially over a period of time: »õ·Î¿î ´ïÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÅõÀÚÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¿ä °Ç¼³ »ç¾÷ÀÌ´Ù. The new dam is a major construction project, funded by the government.

*draw ´Ù°¡¿À´Ù come: ¼ºÅºÀýÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. Christmas is drawing near.

*instructions Áö½Ã¹® advice on how to do something: ¹Ú½º¿¡ ÀμâµÈ Áö½Ã¸¦ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ±â°è¸¦ °íÀå³Â´Ù. I didn't follow the instructions printed on the box, and broke the machine.

As the deadline for a major project drew near at our publishing firm, both our facsimile machines were put to the test. Secretaries were sending and receiving messages, making last-minute corrections and additions. One young assistant, holding a handful of new instructions to be distributed to various departments, asked the office manager, "Whatever did we do before fax machines?"

A man of few words, the manager replied, "We did things on time."

2.6

Ä£±¸°¡ »õ·Î »ý±ä ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏÀÇ Á¦°úºÎ¿¡ ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¹æ¼Û½Ã¼³À» ÅëÇØ ±×³¯ Àú³áÀÇ Æ¯Á¦Ç°À» ¾Ë·È´Ù.

"¾È³çÇϽʴϱî, ¾Ë¹öÆ®½¼ °í°´ ¿©·¯ºÐ." Àλ縻À» ÇÑ ¼ø°£ ¶óÀ̹ú ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¸»Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. À绡¸® »ý°¢ÇÑ ±×³à´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»À» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù. "¿À´Ã Àú³á ½º¹Ì½º ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏ¿¡ ¿À½Å °ÍÀ» ±â»Ú°Ô »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù."

*section ºÎ¼­ a separate part of a larger object, place, group, etc.: ¿ì¸® ºÎ¼­´Â ±â·Ïº¸Á¸À» ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. My section of the office deals with record-keeping.

*public-address system ¸¶ÀÌÅ©½Ã¼³, È®¼º ÀåÄ¡ an electrically controlled apparatus used for making a speaker clearly heard by large groups of people, e.g. in airport or outside: ¸¶ÀÌÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇØ Å©°í È®½ÇÇÑ loud and clear over the public address system

*special Ưº° ¸Å¸Å; Ư¸Åǰ; Ưº° ¸Þ´º an advertised reduced price in a shop: ±× °¡°è¿¡¼­´Â ±ÝÁÖ µ¿¾È ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²À» Ư°¡·Î ÆÇ¸ÅÇÑ´Ù. They're having a special on ice-cream this week.

A friend of mine took a job in the bakery section of a new supermarket. She went to the public-address system to announce the evening's special.

"Good evening, Albertsons shoppers," she began and then realized she had just given the name of the rival supermarket. Thinking fast, she continued, "We're happy you're shopping at Smith's tonight."

2.7

¾î¸° ½ÃÀý ¿ì¸® Áý¿¡´Â ¶Ñ²±ÀÌ Àß ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ÁÖÀüÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼öÁõ±â°¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é ¶Ñ²±Àº Èçµé¸®°í ´úÄȰŸ®¸ç ¿ä¶õÇÑ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³Â´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¶Ñ²±Àº À¯ÀÍÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. »ç½ÇÀº ±èÀ» »õ³ª°¡°Ô Çϰí ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿ö³« ¹ý¼®À» ¶³¾î¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ ¹Ù»Ú°í Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â Ç×»ó ±× ÁÖÀüÀÚ¸¦ ±â¾ïÇß°í º°·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀϾøÀÌ ½Ã²ô·´±â¸¸ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» º¼ ¶§¸¶´Ù "Àú Ä£±¸ÀÇ ¶Ñ²±µµ Çæ··Çϱ¸³ª."¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.

*rattle ´ú°Æ´ú°Æ ¼Ò¸®³»´Ù make short, sharp sounds quickly, one after the other: ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ Ã¢¹®À» ´úÄÀ°Å¸®°Ô Çß´Ù The wind rattled the windows.

*racket ¿ä¶õÇÑ ¼Ò¸® a loud noise: ¼Ò¸® Á» ³»Áö ¸¶¶ó! ÀáÀ» Àß ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. Stop making such a racket! I can't sleep.

*accomplish ÇØ³»´Ù; ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Ù perform; succeed in doing: ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇØ³»Áö ¸øÇÒ »ç¶÷ a man who will never accomplish anything

*say to oneself »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù think: ÀÏÂï Àá¿¡¼­ ±ú¾î "ÀϾ±î?"ÇÏ°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. I woke up early and said to myself, "Shall I get up?"

When I was growing up, there was a teakettle in our house with a lid that did not fit tightly. When steam began to rise, that lid would shake and rattle and make a terrible noise. Of course, the lid was doing no good. In fact, it was allowing the steam to escape, but it made quite a racket and impressed you as being very busy and very important. I've always remembered that teakettle, and whenever I see a person who makes a lot of noise without really accomplishing much, I say to myself, "That one has a loose lid."

2.8

¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »ç»óÀÌ ¾ð¶æ º¸±âº¸´Ù ±íÀº Àǹ̸¦ °¡Á³´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »ý°¢ÀÌ ³Ê¹« ½É¿ÀÇØ¼­ ¾Æ¹«³ª ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº °úÂùÀÌ¸ç ´ç¿¬È÷ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ°¡µéÀº Á¤È®ÇÑ »ç°í ´É·ÂÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÑ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤½Å·Â¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. Àß ÀÌÇØ°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸ÀýÀÌ »ý°¢º¸´Ù Å« Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù°í ÇÕ¸®È­Çϱâ´Â ½±´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ±Û ¼Ó¿¡¼­ °¨Ãß¾îÁø Àǹ̸¦ ã¾Æ³»·Á´Â ¹Ùº¸µéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÖ´Ù.

*inclined ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â likely; tending; disposed: ±×´Â °ÔÀ¸¸¥ °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. He's inclined to be lazy.

*significance Á߿伺 importance: ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹®Á¦ a matter of great significance

*at first óÀ½¿¡ at the beginning: óÀ½¿£ ±×¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ Áö±ÝÀº ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. At first I didn't like him but now I do.

*flatter °úÂùÇÏ´Ù praise too much: °úÂùÀ̽ʴϴÙ. Oh, you flatter me.

*profound ½É¿ÀÇÑ deep; penetrating: ½É¿ÀÇÑ Áö½Ä profound knowledge

*run ºü¸£°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Ù cause to move quickly: ÇÑ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ºü¸£°Ô ÈȾ´Ù run one's eyes over a page

*occur to »ý°¢ÀÌ µé´Ù come to: ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ ¶°¿Ã¶ú´Ù. An idea has occurred to me.

*faculty (Ÿ°í³­) ´É·Â power of doing things: ¾ð¾î ´É·Â the faculty of speech

*precise Á¤È®ÇÑ exact; free from error: Á¤È®ÇÑ ¼ø¼­ precise order

*reflection ¼ºÂû, ±íÀº »ý°¢ thought; consideration: ÃæºÐÇÑ »ý°¢¾øÀÌ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Ù do something without sufficient reflection

Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first appears. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds, which have not the faculty of precise reflection. It is very easy to persuade oneself that a phrase that one does not quite understand may mean a great deal more than one realizes. Fools can always be found to discover a hidden sense in them.

2.9

½Å°æ¼è¾à Áõ¼¼ Áß Çϳª´Â ÀڱⰡ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇϸç ÈÞ°¡¸¦ °¡¸é Å«ÀÏÀÌ ³­´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ ÀÇ»ç¶ó¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ó¹æÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý±â´Â °Í °°Àº ½Å°æ¼è¾àÀº, »ç½Ç ³»°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °æ¿ì, ¾î¶² Á¤¼­Àû Àå¾Ö·Î »ý±â´Â °ÍÀ̸ç ȯÀÚ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °Å±â¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÏÀ» ±×¸¸ µÎ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÏÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ¸é ºÒ¿îÇÑ »ý°¢¡ª±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ̵硪À» ¶³ÃĹö¸± °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

*symptom Áõ¼¼ change in the body's condition that indicates illness: °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±âħÀº Æó°áÇÙÀÇ Áõ¼¼ÀÏÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. A persistent cough may be a symptom of tuberculosis.

*breakdown °íÀå; ¼è¾à failure in health; weakening: ½Å°æ¼è¾à nervous breakdown

*prescribe ó¹æÇÏ´Ù advise or order the use of: ÀÇ»ç´Â Àå±â ¿ä¾çÀ» ó¹æÇß´Ù. The doctor prescribed a long rest.

*by means of ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ through; with the help of: »ý°¢Àº ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù. Thoughts are expressed by means of words.

*loath ½È¾îÇÏ´Â; ²¨¸®´Â unwilling; reluctant: ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¿À·¡µÈ Â÷¿Í Á¤ÀÌ µé¾î¼­ óºÐÇϱⰡ ½È´Ù. I've had this old car a long time; I'm loath to part with it.

*distract ±âºÐÀ» Àüȯ½ÃŰ´Ù; °ü½ÉÀ» µý µ¥·Î µ¹¸®´Ù draw away one's attention from something: ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ Á×À½À¸·Î ½½ÇÄ¿¡ ºüÁø ±×³àÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¾î¶»°Ô Àüȯ½ÃÄÑ ÁÙ±î? What can we do to distract her mind from the sorrow caused by her child's death?

One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that one's work is terribly important and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster. If I were a medical man, I would prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important. The nervous breakdown which appears to be produced by the work is, in fact, in every case that I have ever known of personally, produced by some emotional trouble from which the patient attempts to escape by means of his work. He is loath to give up his work because, if he does so, he will no longer have anything to distract him from the thoughts of his misfortune, whatever it may be.

2.10

´ë°³ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº ÀÏÀ» ¼þ»óÇÏ°í ±â²¨ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀ» ÇϹǷΠÀڽŰú ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¢´ëÇÏ´Â ¿þÀÌÆ®·¹½º ȤÀº Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸í·ÉÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸® »çÀÌ¿¡ À庮 °°Àº °ÍÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿Ü±¹ ¹æ¹®°´µéÀº °í¿ëÁÖ¿Í Á¾¾÷¿ø°£¿¡ À̸§À» ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í Ç×»ó ³î¶ó¸ç ±×·± °ÍÀ» ÁÁ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¸°æ½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº Á¸°æ¹Þ±âº¸´Ù »ç¶û ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶ûÀº °è±ÞÀÇ À庮À» Àß ³ÑÁö ¸øÇϹǷΠÀ庮ÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁø´Ù.

*average Æò¹üÇÑ of the usual or ordinary kind: °Å±â¿¡´Â Ưº°ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×Àú Æò¹üÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. There was nothing special about it, it was only average.

*serve À½½ÄÀ» Â÷·ÁÁÖ´Ù place (food, etc.) on the table for a meal: ±¸¿î µÅÁö°í±â´Â ÈçÈ÷ ¾ÖÇà ¼Ò½º¿Í ÇÔ²² ³ª¿Â´Ù. Roast pork is often served with apple sauce.

*constantly ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ continually; repeatedly: »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ã ±×¿¡°Ô Ãæ°í¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. He is constantly being asked for advice.

*readily ½±°Ô; ¼­½¿¾øÀÌ with no difficulty: ±×°ÍµéÀº ¾îµð¼­³ª ½±°Ô ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. They can readily be bought anywhere.

*caste Ư±Ç °è±Þ any exclusive social class: »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§¸¦ ÀÒ´Ù lose caste with

Because the average American respects work and is quite willing to work with his own hands, he really feels no barrier of class between himself and the waitress who serves him or the boss who gives him his orders. Overseas visitors are constantly surprised to find employees and employers calling each other by their first names, and some of them do not like it. They think it shows lack of respect. But Americans do not want respect; they want to be liked. Liking does not readily climb the walls of class or caste, so the walls come down.

2.11

¿µ¹®¹ýÀº ¾î·Á¿ö¼­ À߸øÀ» ¹üÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÛ°¡°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç Á¦ÀÓ½ºÃ³·³ ÁÖÀÇ ±íÀº ÀÛ°¡µµ ±¹¹ÎÇб³ ÇлýÀÇ ÀÛ¹®¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¸é ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ´ç¿¬È÷ È­¸¦ ³¾¸¸Å­ ¹®¹ý¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ¹üÇÒ ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸ç ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÁö¸¸ ¹®¹ýÀ̶õ ÀÏ¹Ý ¾ð¾î¸¦ °ø½ÄÈ­ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡À» ¸í½ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. °üÇàÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Ã´µµÀÌ´Ù. ³ª·Î¼­´Â ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ °Íº¸´Ù ½±°í ÀÚ¿¬½º·± ±¸¹®ÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù.

*heedful ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â careful: Ãæ°í¿¡ Á»´õ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Ù be more heedful of advice

*on occasion ¶§¶§·Î; °¡²û from time to time; now and then; whenever the need arises: ±×´Â °¡²û ´º¿å¿¡ °¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±ØÀ» º»´Ù. He visits New York on occasion to see the new plays.

*indignant ºÐ°³ÇÑ angry and scornful: ÀÜÀÎÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ºÐ°³ÇÑ indignant with a cruel man

*formulate °ø½ÄÈ­ÇÏ´Ù; ¸íÈ®È÷ Ç¥¸íÇÏ´Ù express clearly and exactly: ÀÚ±â ÁÖÀǸ¦ Ç¥¸íÇÏ´Ù formulate a doctrine

*usage °ü¿ë¾î¹ý; ¾î¹ý body of conventions governing the use of a language: ¿µ¹®¹ý ¹× °ü¿ë¾î¹ý ÀÔ¹®¼­ a guide to English grammar and usage

*test ±âÁØ something used as a standard when judging or examining something else: °í¿ëÁÖµéÀº Â÷ÈÄ ÀÓ±Ý ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ê ¶§ ÀÌ °è¾à¼­¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Employers will use this agreement as a test in dealing with future wage claims.

*unaffected ²Ù¹ÒÀÌ ¾ø´Â sincere; natural in behavior or character: ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ²Ù¹Ò¾ø´Â ±â»Ý the unaffected delight of a child

English grammar is very difficult and few writers have avoided making mistakes in it. So heedful a writer as Henry James, for instance, on occasion wrote so ungrammatically that a schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy's essay, would be justly indignant. It is necessary to know grammar, and it is better to write grammatically than not, but it is well to remember that grammar is common speech formulated. Usage is the only test. I prefer a phrase that is easy and unaffected to a phrase that is grammatical.

2.12

´©±º°¡°¡ Ä«Å縯 ±³µµ, À¯ÅÂÀÎ, ÀÌŸ®ÀÎ, ÈæÀÎ Áý´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æí°ßÀ» °¡Áö°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ÈçÈ÷ "¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀ» º¸¶ó!" "Ä«¹ö¸¦ º¸¶ó!" "Å佺ī´Ï´Ï¸¦ º¸¶ó!"´Â Åë»óÀûÀÎ º¯È£¸¦ µé°í³ª¿Â´Ù.

ÀÌµé ¿ËÈ£ÀÚµéÀÇ Àǵµ´Â ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀº À߸øÀÌ´Ù. ³ª»Ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¼ö Áý´ÜÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±×µé Áß¿¡ õÀ縦 °¡Áú ±Ç¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Ùº¸¿Í ¾Ç´çµéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ Áý´Ü Àüü°¡ ºñ³­¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» ±Ç¸®ÀÌ´Ù.

*prejudice Æí°ß opinion, like or dislike, formed before one has adequate knowledge or experience: ±×´Â À¯ÅÂÀο¡°Ô Æí°ßÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. He has a prejudice against the Jews.

*come up with ÇØ´äÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Ù produce, find a solution, an answer: Áö°¢ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¹°¾úÀ» ¶§ ±×´Â ´ë´äÀ» ¸øÇß´Ù. He couldn't come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.

*classic ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ of a very typical and well known: ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼ö a classic mistake

*line ³ë¼±; Çൿ¹æÇâ directions; way of behavior, dealing with a situation: ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ë¼±¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. You should keep to your own line.

*mean well ¼±ÀÇÀûÀÎ Àǵµ¸¦ °¡Áö´Ù have good intentions: ¹°·Ð ±×ÀÇ Àǵµ´Â ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù. Of course he means well.

*approach Á¢±Ù¹æ½Ä a manner or method of doing something: ±×ÀÇ Ã¥Àº ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Á¢±Ù¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. His book presents a new approach to the difficulty.

*scoundrel ¾ÇÇÑ wicked person with no principles or scruples; villain

*condemn ºñ³­ÇÏ´Ù say that somebody is, or has done wrong: ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÇൿÀ» ºñ³­Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Everyone condemns his foolish behavior.

Whenever someone speaks with prejudice against a group¡ªCatholics, Jews, Italians, Negroes¡ªsomeone else usually comes up with a classic line of defence: "Look at Einstein!" "Look at Carver!" "Look at Toscanini!"

They mean well, these defenders. But their approach is wrong. It is even bad. What a minority group wants is not the right to have geniuses among them but the right to have fools and scoundrels without being condemned as a group.

2.13

ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾ÇÀº Ç×»ó ¼³ÃÄ´ë±â¸¸ ÇÒ »Ó ¾ðÁ¦, ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Áö ¸ð¸£´Â »ç¶÷µé ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ³»°¡ º¸±â¿¡ ¾Ç¸¶´Â ¿ìÁÖ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¹Ù»Û Á¸ÀçÀÌ¸ç °ÔÀ¸¸§À» ºñ³­ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. Àå´ãÇÏ°Ç´ë ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡¼­´Â ´©±¸µç ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ½±°Ô ÀÎÁ¤Çϵí ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀº ¸Å¿ì È¥¶õÇÑ »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ±×·¸°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀº °ÔÀ¸¸§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

*bring about ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù cause to happen: ÀüÀïÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù bring about a war

*up and doing Ȱ¹ßÇÏ°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â always busy; actively engaged: ȸº¹ ±â°£ Áß ±×³à´Â Ȱ¹ßÇÏ°Ô ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°í ½Í¾îÇß´Ù. During her convalescence she longed to be up and doing.

*take it ÃßÃøÇÏ´Ù assume; suppose: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÏÂï ¿Í¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°´Ù. I take it that we are to come early.

*wager (³»±â¿¡) °É´Ù, È®½ÅÇÏ´Ù bet: ±×ÈÄ ±×°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÇØ¿Ü ¿©ÇàÀ» Çß´ø °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. I'll wager he's had enough of foreign travel, after that!

*denounce °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ³­ÇÏ´Ù speak publicly against: ÀÌ´ÜÀÚ¸¦ °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ³­ÇÏ´Ù denounce a heresy

*admit ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù; ½ÃÀÎÇÏ´Ù acknowledge; confess: ±× ÀÏÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÃÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. You must admit that the task is difficult.

*muddle È¥¶õ(»óÅÂ) confusion: ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µÚÁ×¹ÚÁ×ÀÌ¶ó ¿øÇÏ´ø °ÍÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Everything was in a muddle and I couldn't find what I wanted.

*bring to such a pass ³­Ã³ÇÑ Áö°æÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù bring to such a state or condition: ±×µéÀº »çŸ¦ ³­Ã³ÇÑ Áö°æÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. They have brought things to such a pass.

All the evil in this world is brought about by persons who are always up and doing, but do not know when they ought to be up nor what they ought to be doing. The devil, I take it, is the busiest creature in the universe, and I can imagine him denouncing laziness. In his kingdom, I will wager, nobody is allowed to do nothing. The world, we all freely admit, is in a muddle, but I do not think that it is laziness that has brought it to such a pass.

Á¦ 3 °ú

3.1

½ÅÂü Áß¿ªÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î °íÀ§±Þ ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼®Çß´Ù. Å×ÀÌºí ³¡ ÂÊ¿¡ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾É¾Ò´Âµ¥ ¾î·Á¿î ¹®Á¦°¡ Á¦±âµÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸»À» Çϰï Çß´Ù. "ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀº Çѹø »ý±â¸é °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ¹ý." "¼¼»ó ¸¸»ç¿£ º¯È­°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹ý." "¼¼»óÀ» »ì·Á¸é ÀûÀº °Í¿¡µµ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹ý."

"Àú Ä£±¸°¡ È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â °Ô ¹¹¾ß?" ȸÀǰ¡ ³¡³­ ÈÄ »õ Áß¿ªÀÌ µ¿·á¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Ü°á½ÉÀ» °®°Ô ÇØÁÖÁö. ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸ñÀ» Á¶¸£°í ½Í¾îÇϰŵç."

*executive Áß¿ª; ÀÌ»ç a person in an executive position, especially in business: ÀþÀº È«º¸´ã´ç ÀÌ»ç a young advertising executive

*conference ȸÀÇ (meeting for) discussion; exchange of view: ±¹ÀåÀº Áö±Ý ȸÀÇ ÁßÀÌ´Ù. The Director is in conference now.

*tough ¾î·Á¿î; Èûµç difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing effort: ±× ȸ»ç´Â Èûµç °æÀïÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. The company faces tough competition.

*come up Á¦±âµÇ´Ù arise; be put forward: ±× ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¦±âµÇ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. The question hasn't come up yet.

*It never rains, but it pours. ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀº ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù. a saying used when unwelcome things come or events happen in quick succession.

*It's a long road that has no turn. ¾îµð¿¡³ª º¯È­´Â ÀÖ°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù.

*If life gives you lemons, then make lemonade. º¸Àß °Í ¾ø´Â °Íµµ ´Ù ¾µ¸ð°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Çö½Ç¿¡ µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

*colleague µ¿·á someone who works in the same place: ÀºÇà¿¡¼­ °°ÀÌ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â µ¿·á¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÒ±î¿ä? May I introduce one of my colleagues at the bank?

*spirit ¸¶À½°¡Áü; Á¤½Å mental or moral attitude: Àå³­³¢·Î, ½É¼úÀÌ ³ª¼­ in a spirit of mischief

*unity ÀÏü°¨; ÅëÀϼº the state of being united, joined, or in agreement together: ´Ü°á ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Èû the strength that lies in unity

*strangle ±³»ì½ÃŰ´Ù, ¸ñÀ» Á¹¶ó Á×ÀÌ´Ù kill by pressing on the throat with the hands, a rope, etc. to stop breathing: ±×´Â ±×³à¸¦ ³ªÀÏ·Ð ½ºÅ¸Å·À¸·Î ±³»ì½ÃÄ×´Ù. He strangled her with a nylon stocking.

A new executive went to his first high-level meeting. At the end of the conference table sat a fellow who, whenever a tough problem came up, would say something like, "Well, it never rains, but it pours." or "It's a long road that has no turning." or "If life gives you lemons, then make lemonade."

"Exactly what does that guy do?" the new exec asked a colleague after the meeting.

"He gives us our spirit of unity." was the reply. "We'd all like to strangle him."

3.2

ÇÑ »ç¾÷°¡°¡ °í±Þ ·¹½ºÅä¶û¿¡¼­ ½Ä»ç¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°¡ °øÁßÀüÈ­ ¿·¿¡¼­ ¸® ¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÚÄ«¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. "¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÚÄ«¾¾," ±×°¡ ź¼ºÀ» Áú·¶´Ù. "¹Ì±¹ »ç¾÷°èÀÇ ¿µ¿õ! Àú´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ °æ·ÂÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß°í Á¦°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¼º°øÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ç½Å¸¸Å­ ÀßÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö½è±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ºÎŹ Á» µé¾îÁֽðڽÀ´Ï±î? Àú´Â ¸î ¸íÀÇ µ¿·áµé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ Å×À̺í·Î ¿À¼Å¼­ '¾îÀÌ, ÇØ¸®,'¶ó°í ºÒ·¯Áֽðí Á¦°¡ µ¿·áµéÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁֽʽÿÀ. Àú¿¡°Ô´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù."

¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÚÄ«´Â ½Â³«Çß´Ù. ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾É±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸° ´ÙÀ½ ±×ÀÇ Å×À̺íÀ» ÇâÇØ °É¾î°¬´Ù.

"¾îÀÌÄí!" ÇØ¸®ÀÇ Ä£±¸ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "¸® ¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÚÄ«°¡ À̸®·Î ¿À°í ÀÖ¾î!"

"¾îÀÌ, ÇØ¸®!" ¾ÆÀ̾ßÄÚÄ«°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "ÀÚ³× Ä£±¸µéÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇØ ÁÖ°Ô."

ÇØ¸®´Â °ü½É ¾ø´Ù´Â Ç¥Á¤À¸·Î ±×¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "³ªÁß¿¡ ¿À°Ô, ¸®. ¿ì¸° Áö±Ý ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ·Áµç ÂüÀ̾ß."

*fancy °í±Þ½º·±, ºñ½Ñ extravagant: °í±Þ½º·´Áö ¾ÊÀº ¼ö¼öÇÑ Á¡½É½Ä»ç¿´´Ù. It was a simple lunch¡ªnothing fancy.

*go ¡¦¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù be commonly thought of or believed: À̾߱âÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù The story goes that¡¦. (=It is said that¡¦.)

*booth °øÁßÀüÈ­ ¹Ú½º enclosure for a public telephone

*career °æ·Â; »ý¾Ö progress through life: À§ÀÎÀüÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. We can learn much by reading about the careers of great men.

*do somebody a favor ºÎŹÀ» µé¾îÁÖ´Ù do something to help somebody: ºÎŹÀε¥ ÀüÈ­ÇÒ µ¿¾È ¶óµð¿À º¼·ýÀ» ³·Ãç¶ó. Do me a favor; turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you?

*colleague µ¿·á someone who works in the same place, office, etc. as oneself: ¿ì¸®´Â Á÷Àå µ¿·áÀÌ´Ù. We are colleagues.

*by ¿·¿¡; °¡±îÀÌ near; at or to the side of; beside: ³» ¿·¿¡ °¡±îÀÌ ¿Í¼­ ¾É¾Æ¶ó. Come and sit by me.

*mean Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Ù be of importance to the stated degree: ±×³à¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Her work means everything to her.

*holy smoke ¾îÀÌÄí (used to express bewilderment, surprise, or astonishment.)

*head ¾î¶² °÷À» ÇâÇØ °¡´Ù move in a certain direction: ¿ì¸®´Â ÁýÀ¸·Î °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. We're heading home.

*blank ¸ÛÇÑ; ¹«°ü½ÉÇÑ empty or expressionless; without understanding or interest: ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á ÇßÁö¸¸ ±×´Â µýûÀ» ºÎ·È´Ù. I tried to explain, but he just gave me a blank look.

A businessman was dining at a fancy restaurant and, so the story goes, met Lee Iacocca by the phone booth. "Mr. Iacocca," he exclaimed, "the American business hero! I've studied your career, and any success I've had comes from trying to do as well as you. Would you do me a favor? I'm with some colleagues. Please come by my table, say 'Hello, Harry,' and let me introduce you. It would mean so much to me."

Iacocca agreed. He waited for the man to sit down and then walked toward his table.

"Holy smoke!" cried one of Harry's friends. "It's Lee Iacocca, and he's heading this way!"

"Hello, Harry!" Iacocca said. "Introduce me to your friends."

Harry looked at him blankly "Come back later, Lee," he said. "We're trying to have lunch."

3.3

ö±æÀÌ Áö³ª°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ñÃÊÁö¿¡ ¾î¶² ³óºÎ°¡ ¸ÚÁø ¾Ï¼Ò¸¦ ±â¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸ÅÀÏ °°Àº ½Ã°¢¿¡ È­¹°¿­Â÷°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î Áö³ª°¬´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ ±âÂ÷°¡ Áö³ª°£ ÈÄ, ³óºÎ´Â ¾Ï¼Ò°¡ ¾ø¾îÁø °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â Áï½Ã öµµÈ¸»ç¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» Á¦±âÇß´Ù.

öµµÈ¸»ç´Â ÀþÀº º¯È£»ç¸¦ °í¿ëÇߴµ¥ ±× ¼Ò¼ÛÀÇ ÀçÆÇÀÌ ÀÖ±â Á÷Àü¿¡ º¯È£»ç´Â ³óºÎ¿Í ŸÇùÀ» ÇÏ¿© û±¸¾×ÀÇ ¹Ý¸¸À» ¹Þ°Ô Çß´Ù. ³óºÎ¿¡°Ô ÇÕÀÇ±Ý ¼öÇ¥¸¦ °Ç³×Áָ鼭 º¯È£»ç´Â ÀڱⰡ ÇØ³­ ÀÏÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿öÇϸ鼭 ¸»Çß´Ù. "´ç½ÅÀº ³ª¸¦ ¹«Ã´ °ÆÁ¤ÄÉ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. µµ¹«Áö ÁõÀÎÀÌ ¾ø¾ú¾î¿ä. ±â»çµµ Àáµé¾ú°í, Á¶¼öµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´¾î¿ä. ´ç½ÅÀº Àü¾×À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¿ä."

"ÀþÀº ¾ç¹Ý," ³óºÎ´Â ¼öÇ¥¸¦ ÁÖ¸Ó´Ï¿¡ ³ÖÀ¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "´ç½Åµµ ³ª¸¦ ¹«Ã´ °ÆÁ¤ÄÉ Çß¼Ò. ±Û½ê ±× ¸ÁÇÒ ³ðÀÇ ¾Ï¼Ò°¡ ¿À´Ã ¾ÆÄ§ Áý¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô°Åµç."

*prize ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÚÁø; »óÀ» ¹ÞÀº highly valued; that has won a prize: ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÚÁø Àå¹Ì a prize rose

*pasture ¸ñÃÊÁö grassland for cattle

*freight train È­¹°¿­Â÷ goods train

*sue ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ´Ù make a legal claim against: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Àç»êÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» Á¦±âÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù. If you don't return our property, we'll sue.

*trial ÀçÆÇ examination in a law court before a judge: ±× ÆÇ»ç´Â ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 4°ÇÀÇ ÀçÆÇÀ» ´ã´çÇß´Ù. The judge conducted four trials in one day.

*attorney º¯È£»ç a lawyer: ±×³à´Â Àڱ⠺¯È£»ç¿Í À̾߱âÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Áø¼úÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´Ù. She refused to make a statement until she had spoken to her attorney.

*bargain ÈïÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement, or contract; negotiate: ±×µé°ú ÈïÁ¤ÇÏ¸é °¡°ÝÀ» ±ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å´Ù. If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.

*settle for ¸¸Á·½º·´Áö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù accept, although not altogether satisfactory: ³» Áß°íÂ÷ °ªÀ» 1000´Þ·¯ ¹Þ°í ½Í¾úÁö¸¸ 650´Þ·¯¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. I had hoped to get $1000 for my old car but had to settle for $650.

*boast ÇãdzÀ» ¶³´Ù talk with unpleasant or unreasonable pride: ±×´Â 6°³±¹¾î¸¦ À¯Ã¢ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇãdzÀ» ¶³¾ú´Ù. He boasted that he could speak six languages fluently.

*settlement ÇÕÀÇ an agreement or decision ending an argument, question, etc.: °æ¿µÀÚÃøÀº ³ëÁ¶Ãø°ú ±Þ·á ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇØ ÇÕÀǸ¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù. The management have reached a settlement with the union over the pay dispute.

*witness ÁõÀÎ; ¸ñ°ÝÀÚ someone who is present when something happens, especially a crime or an accident: »ç°ÇÀÇ ¸ñ°ÝÀÚ a witness of the accident

*brakeman ºÎ±â°ü»ç a railroad worker who assists the conductor in the operation of a train

*win ȹµæÇÏ´Ù; À̰ܼ­ ¾ò´Ù gain or receive as a result of victory or success in any kind of competition: ±×ÀÇ ¸»Àº 1µîÀ¸·Î ¿Í¼­ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ÅÀ´Ù. His horse came first and have won a lot of money.

*hand over ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ´Ù, ÀΰèÇÏ´Ù give something to someone else: ±×´Â »ç¾÷ü¸¦ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¾ú´Ù. He handed over his business to his son.

*darned ¸ÁÇÒ ³ðÀÇ damned: Àú ¸ÁÇÒ ³ðÀÇ ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ Â÷µµ¿¡¼­ Ä¡¿ö! Get that darned bicycle out of the driveway!

A farmer kept a prize cow in a pasture through which a railroad track ran. Each day at the same time, a freight train passed by at great speed. One day after the train had gone, the farmer discovered his cow was missing. He promptly sued the railroad.

The railroad hired a young lawyer, and just before the case came to trial, the attorney bargained with the farmer, getting him to settle for half of what he had demanded. Proud of his achievement, the lawyer boasted as he handed over the settlement check to the farmer: "You really had me worried. I didn't have any witnesses. The engineer was asleep, and so was the brakeman. You could have won the whole amount."

"Well, young fella," the farmer said as he pocketed the check, "you had me worried, too. You see, that darned cow came home this morning."

3.4

¹Ì¿ë½Ç¿¡¼­ ¸Ó¸® ¼ÕÁúÀ» ÇØÁÖ´Â ³ª´Â ¾î¶² ¼Õ´ÔÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ °¨¾ÆÁÖ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Çó±ÅÁÖ´ø È£½º°¡ ¼Õ¿¡¼­ ºüÁ®³ª°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾ó±¼ Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î ¹°À» »Õ¾ú´Ù.

³ª´Â Å©°Ô »ç°ú¸¦ Çߴµ¥ ±×´Â ³» À߸ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³Ê±×·¯¿ü´Ù. "±¦Âú¾Æ¿ä. ³ª´Â ¹è°ü°øÀ̶ó ±×·± ÀÏ¿¡ Àͼ÷Çϰŵç¿ä."

*stylist ¹Ì¿ë»ç a person who develops or arranges styles of appearance: ¹Ì¿ë»ç a hair stylist¡ªwho cuts and arranges people's hair

*salon ¹ÌÀå¿ø a stylish or fashionable small shop, especially where services are sold: ¹Ì¿ë¿ø a hairdressing salon

*rinse ¹°¿¡ ±ú²ýÀÌ Ç󱸴٠clean using fresh water, especially to put (clothes or hair) in clean water in order to remove soap after washing: ÀÌ ¼ÅÃ÷µéÀ» ±ú²ýÀÌ Ç󱸰ڴÙ. I'll rinse (out) these shirts.

*slip ºüÁ®³ª°¡´Ù get free from (a fastening): °³´Â ¸ñÁÙÀ» ¹þ°í ´Þ¾Æ³µ´Ù. The dog slipped his collar and ran away.

*spray ¡¦¿¡ ¡¦À» »Ñ¸®´Ù scatter ¡¦ on: °ú¼ö¿¡ »ìÃæÁ¦¸¦ »Õ´Ù spray fruit-trees

*squarely ¶È¹Ù·Î directly: ±×´Â ±×³àÀÇ ´«À» ¶È¹Ù·Î ÃÄ´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù. He looked her squarely in the eye.

*mishap ¸»½é something that goes wrong : ±ä ¿©ÇàÀº º°Å»¾øÀÌ Áö³ª°¬´Ù. The long journey passed without mishap.

*plumber ¹è°ü°ø a person whose job is to fit and repair water pipes, bathroom apparatus, etc.

*used to ¡¦¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁø in the habit of; accustomed to: ³ª´Â ¼ÒÀ½¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ³´Ù. I'm used to the noise.

As a hair stylist in a salon, I was giving a client a shampoo. The hose I was using to rinse his hair slipped out of my hand and sprayed him squarely in the face.

I couldn't apologize enough, but he was nice about the mishap. "That's okay," he said, "I'm a plumber. I'm used to it."

3.5

»ç±³ Ŭ·´ÀÇ ´í½º ÆÄƼ°¡ ¹«¸£À;úÀ» ¶§ ¹æ±Ý ¸¸³­ ÇÑ ³²³à°¡ À̾߱⸦ ³ª´©°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´ëÈ­´Â ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ °ú°Å °áÈ¥»ýȰ ÂÊÀ¸·Î Èê·¶´Ù.

"Àú´Â ³²ÆíÀ» Ç×ÇØ Áß¿¡ ÀÒ¾ú¾î¿ä." ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

"¾ÈµÆ±º¿ä," ³²ÀÚ°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¾î¶»°Ô µÈ °Ì´Ï±î? ±×ºÐÀÌ ¼ö¿µÀº Çß³ª¿ä?"

"¾Æ, ±×·± °Ô ¾Æ´Ï¾ú¾î¿ä," ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "°ü±¤ ¿©°´¼±¿¡¼­ ³²ÆíÀ» ¾î¶² »¡°­¸Ó¸®ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô »©¾Ñ°å¾î¿ä."

*in full swing ÇÑâ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ having reached a very active stage: ÆÄƼ°¡ ÇÑâ ÁøÇà Áß¿¡ °æÂûÀÌ µéÀÌ´ÚÃÆ´Ù. The party was in full swing when the police burst in.

*former ÀüÀÇ; °ú°ÅÀÇ of an earlier period: ±×³àÀÇ Àü ³²Æí her former husband

*at sea Ç×ÇØ Áß¿¡ away from the land: ±×´Â ¼öÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù. He was buried at sea.

*cruise À¯¶÷ a sea voyage for pleasure: À¯¶÷¼± a cruise liner

The dance at the local social club was in full swing as a couple who had just met chatted with each other. The conversation inevitably turned to their former marriages.

"I lost my husband at sea," said the woman.

"I'm so sorry," replied the man. "How did happen? Was he swimming?"

"Oh, it wasn't like that," she answered. "I lost him to a redhead on a cruise ship."

3.6

"ÅëÇà¿¡ ¹æÇذ¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϾ½Ê½Ã¿À." ±ØÀå º¹µµ¿¡ Ãà ´Ã¾îÁ® ´©¿öÀÖ´Â ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾È³»ÀÎÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.

³²ÀÚ´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁöµµ ¾Ê°í ´ë´äµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¾È³»ÀÎÀÌ ºÒ·¯¼­ ¿Â Áö¹èÀÎÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "´Ù¸¥ µ¥·Î °¡½Ã¿À."

¾þµå¸° ³²ÀÚ´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÀ´äÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Áö¹èÀÎÀº °æÂûÀ» ºÒ·¶´Ù. "ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é üÆ÷ÇϰڼÒ," °æÂû°üÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "µµ´ëü ¾îµð¼­ ¿Ô¼Ò?"

³²ÀÚ´Â ¸öÀ» ²ÞƲ°Å¸®¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "Àú ¹ßÄÚ´Ï¿¡¼­."

*block ±æÀ» ¸·´Ù prevent movement through: Å« Æ®·°À¸·Î ±æÀÌ ¸·Çû´Ù. The road was blocked by a big truck.

*usher ¾È³»ÀÎ person who shows people to their seats in theaters, cinemas, etc.

*sprawl Ãà ´Ã¾îÁö´Ù stretch one's body out wide or awkwardly in lying or sitting: ±×´Â ±×³à°¡ ¾È¶ôÀÇÀÚ¿¡ Æí¾ÈÇÏ°Ô Àáµé¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. He found her sprawled out in a comfortable chair asleep.

*prone ³³ÀÛ ¾þµå¸° lying on one's front, face downwards: ¾þµå¸° ÀÚ¼¼·Î in a prone position

*anyway ¾î·µç (used when going on with a story, changing a subject in conversation) in any case; at any rate: ¾î·µç ÇØº¼ ¼ö´Â ÀÖ´Ù. Anyway, you can try.

"You're blocking the way, sir," said the usher to a man sprawled in the aisle of a movie theater. "Please get up."

The man didn't move or reply. The usher called the manager over, who said, "I must ask you to move."

Still the prone man didn't reply. So the manager called the police. "Get up or I'll have to take you in," the officer said. "Where did you come from anyway?"

The man stirred finally and said, "The balcony."

3.7

¿ì¸® ÀλýÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸ù»ó¿¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ°í »ó»ó·ÂÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÒ¼ö·Ï ¸ù»óÀº ´Ù¾çÇÏ°í »ý»ýÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ù»óµéÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ÆîÃÄÁø´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀ» Á÷¸éÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª µÉ±î? ¼öÄ¡°¨ ¶§¹®¿¡ ²Ä¦ ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×ó·³ Ä¡»çÇϰí, »ç¾ÇÇϰí, °°Çϰí, À̱âÀûÀ̰í, À½ÅÁÇϰí, ¼Ó¹°ÀûÀ̰í, Ç㿵¿¡ Â÷ÀÖ°í, °¨»óÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¼Ò¸®Ä¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁøÁ¤ ¸ù»óÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀÌ Çൿ¸¸Å­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±íÀº »ý°¢µéÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Á¸Àç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­Ã³·³ ¸ù»óÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Á®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ¹æÈ²ÇÏ´Â ²ûÂコ·± »ý°¢µéÀº ÀØ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ ±×·± °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é ºÐ°³ÇÑ´Ù.

*occupy (½Ã°£, °ø°£, °ü½É)À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù take up, fill (space, time, attention, the mind): ±×´Â ºÒ¾î ¼Ò¼³À» ¹ø¿ªÇϴµ¥ ¸ôµÎÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. He is occupied in translating a French novel.

*reveries ¸ù»ó being lost in dreamy thoughts: ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ù»ó¿¡ ºüÁ®ÀÖ´Â lost in reveries about the future

*varied ´Ù¾çÇÑ of different sorts: »ýȰÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸éµé the varied scenes of life

*vivid »ý»ýÇÑ clear and distinct: »ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý»ýÇÑ ±â¼ú(ÑÀâû) a vivid description of an event

*register µî·ÏÇÏ´Ù make a written record in a list: ³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ ¿Â »ç¶÷Àε¥ °æÂû¿¡ µî·ÏÇØ¾ß Çմϱî? I am a foreigner here; must I register with the police?

*petty ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¿ËÁ¹ÇÑ having or showing a narrow mind: ÂÅÂÅÇÑ ¾ÇÀÇ petty spite

*obscene À½¶õÇÑ morally disgusting, nasty, dirty: °æÂûÀº ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ À½¶õ ÃâÆÇ¹°À» ¾Ð·ùÇß´Ù. The police seized a quantity of obscene publications.

*snob ¼Ó¹° person who pays too much respect to social position or wealth, or who despise persons who are of lower social position

*overcome ¾àÈ­½ÃŰ´Ù make weak: °ú·Î·Î ¾àÇØÁö´Ù be overcome by fatigue

*mean Ä¡»çÇÑ unworthy, discreditable: ±×°ÍÀº Ä¡»çÇÑ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¿´´Ù. That was a mean trick!

*vain ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀÌ °­ÇÑ; »Ë³»´Â having too high an opinion: ±×´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀÌ °­ÇÏ´Ù. He's as vain as a peacock.

*might (just) as well ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °Ô ÁÁ´Ù have no strong reason not to: ÀÌ À½½ÄÀº ¾Æ¹«µµ ¸ÔÁö ¾ÊÀ¸´Ï ¹ö¸®´Â °Ô ÁÁ°Ú´Ù. No one will eat this food; it might just as well be thrown away.

*indignant ºÐ°³ÇÑ angry and scornful: ºÎ´çÇÑ ºñ³­¿¡ ºÐ°³ÇÑ indignant at a false accusation

A great part of our lives is occupied in reverie, and the more imaginative we are the more varied and vivid this will be. How many of us could face having our reveries automatically registered and set before us? We should be overcome with shame. We should cry that we could not really be as mean, as wicked, as petty, as selfish, as obscene, as snobbish, as vain, as sentimental, as that. Yet surely our reveries are as much part of us as our actions, and if there were a being to whom our inmost thoughts were known we might just as well be held responsible for them as for our deeds. Men forget the horrible thoughts that wander through their own minds, and are indignant when they discover them in others.

3.8

Á¡ÀÝÀº ¿©ÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡µµ ½Ã±â½ÉÀº »ó´çÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ·±´ø ÁöÇÏö¿¡ ¾É¾ÆÀÖ´Ù°¡ Àß Â÷·Á ÀÔÀº ¿©ÀÚ°¡ Áö³ª°¥ ¶§, ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» »ìÆìº¸¶ó. ¾î¼´Ù ´õ Àß Â÷·Á ÀÔÀº ¿©ÀÚµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ¾ÇÀÇ¿¡ Âù ´«Ãʸ®·Î ±×³à¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼­ ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÇØ·Î¿î °á·ÐÀ» ²ø¾î³»·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÄµ´ÞÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·± ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¾ÇÀÇÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº À̾߱â´Â ±Ù°Å°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Èñ¹ÚÇØµµ °ð ¹Ï°Ô µÈ´Ù.

*Underground ·±´øÀÇ ÁöÇÏö subway, especially (in Britain) the one in London: ¿ì¸®´Â ÁöÇÏöÀ» Ÿ°í °¬´Ù. We went on the Underground.

*malevolent ³²ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â; ¾ÇÀǸ¦ °¡Áø wishing to do evil or cause suffering to others; spiteful: ±×´Â ³²µéÀÇ ÇູÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·Á´Â ¾Ç¶öÇÑ ¼º°ÝÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. He had malevolent inclinations to destroy the happiness of others.

*struggle ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²´Ù make great effort: µµµÏÀº µµ¸ÁÄ¡·Á ¾Ö¸¦ ½è´Ù. The thief struggled to get free.

*inference °á·Ð conclusion: ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Áø¼ú¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾î³½ °øÁ¤ÇÑ °á·ÐÀΰ¡? Is that a fair inference from his statement?

*derogatory Áß»ó ¸ð·«ÇÏ´Â; (¸í¿¹¸¦) ¼Õ»óÇÏ´Â tending to damage or take away from: ³ªÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ Áß»óÇÏ´Â ¸»µé remarks that are derogatory to my reputation

*instantly Áï½Ã at once; immediately: Áï»çÇÏ´Ù be instantly killed

*flimsy Ãë¾àÇÑ easily injured and destroyed: ¼ÓÀÌ ºþÈ÷ µé¿©´ÙºÆ´Â ±¸½Ç a flimsy excuse

Among average respectable women envy plays an extraordinarily large part. If you are sitting in the Underground and a well-dressed woman happens to walk along the car, watch the eyes of the other women. You will see that every one of them, with the possible exception of those who are even better dressed, will watch the woman with malevolent glances, and will be struggling to draw inferences derogatory to her. The love of scandal is an expression of this general malevolence; any story against another woman is instantly believed even on the flimsiest evidence.

3.9

ÇູÀ̶õ Å©°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î º¸¼®Ã³·³ ±×°ÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Â ÁþÀ̰í, ±×°ÍÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â ¸ðµç ³ë·ÂÀÌ Çã¸ÁÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¾ÆÁÖ Æ¯ÀÌÇÏ°í ±ÍÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇູÀ̶õ ÀÛ°í ÈçÇÑ º¸¼®µéÀÌ ¿«¾îÁ® º¸±â ÁÁ°í ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ Çϳª·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇູÀ̶õ Æò¹üÇÑ Àλý±æ¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº ±â»ÝµéÀ» Áñ±â´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ±²ÀåÈ÷ ½Å³ª´Â Áñ°Å¿ò¸¸À» ¿­½ÉÈ÷ Ãß±¸ÇÏ·Á°í Çϸé Áö³ªÃĹö¸®±â ½±´Ù.

*rare µå¹®; Èñ±ÍÇÑ extremely unusual or uncommon: Èñ±ÍÁ¾ÀÇ º¸Á¸ the preservation of rare species

*vain Ç㹫ÇÑ without use or result: ÇãȲµÈ ¼Ò¸Á a vain hope

*pleasing ±âºÐÀ» ÁÁ°Ô ÇÏ´Â likable; giving delight: ¸Å³Ê°¡ ÁÁÀº À¯ÄèÇÑ Ã»³â a pleasing young man with pleasing manner

*consist in ¡¦¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Ù lie in: ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÇູÀº ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. The happiness of a country consists in the freedom of its citizens.

*graceful ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ attractive to see: ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ ¹«¿ë°¡ a graceful dancer

*apt ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â having a tendency, likely to do something: ±×´Â ¿µ¸®ÇÑ ¼Ò³âÀ̳ª Àå³­±â°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. He' a clever boy but apt to get into mischief.

*overlook °£°úÇÏ´Ù; º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ°í ³Ñ¾î°¡´Ù fail to see or notice; pay no attention to: ±×ÀÇ °í¿ëÁÖµéÀº ±×ÀÇ ¼ö°í¸¦ ¸ô¶óÁá´Ù. His services have been overlooked by his employers.

Happiness is not, like a large and beautiful gem, so uncommon and rare that all search for it is vain, all efforts to obtain it hopeless; but it consists of smaller and commoner gems, grouped and set together, forming a pleasing and graceful whole. Happiness consists in the enjoyment of little pleasures scattered along the common path of life, which, in the eager search for some great and exciting joy, we are apt to overlook.

3.10

»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇϴµ¥ °¡Àå ½É°¢ÇÑ À§ÇùÀº Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÀϹ«»çÇϰí, ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í Á¶½ÉÇϴµ¥¼­ »ý±ä´Ù. ¾ÈÀÏÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ ÃëÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â Á÷Àå »ó»ç¿Í Á¶Á÷¿¡ Ãæ¼ºÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ µû¸¥´Ù°í º¯¸íÇÑ´Ù. Ãæ¼º½ÉÀ» °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏ·Á´Â »ý°¢Àº °áÄÚ ¾øÁö¸¸ ³ª´Â ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¹Ý´ëÀǰßÀ» °®°í ½Í´Ù. ´©±º°¡°¡ ³»°Ô µûÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÇÑ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¶È°°ÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø¾îµµ µÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸í½ÉÇÏÀÚ.

*arise from ÀϾ´Ù, »ý±â´Ù result from: Á¦ÀÇµÈ Á¶Ç׿¡¼­ Áß´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ »ý±æ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. Serious obligations may arise from the proposed clause.

*effort ³ë·Â strength, force, etc., that must be used (in an attempt) to do something; hard work: ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ·Á¸é ¾ÆÁÖ ÈûÀÌ µç´Ù. It is really an effort to do this work.

*see to it À¯ÀÇÇÏ´Ù take care: Äè¶ôÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï À¯ÀÇÇØ¶ó. See to it that pleasure does not interfere with business.

*adopt äÅÃÇÏ´Ù accept or take (something) and use it for some purpose: ±×´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. He adopted our suggestion.

*boss ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®; »ó±ÞÀÚ a master, employer, or person having control over others: ±×´Â »çÀå¿¡°Ô ´õ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. He asked the boss for more money.

*Far be it from me to °áÄÚ ¡¦ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù I certainly would not: ±×¸¦ µµµÏÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ »ý°¢Àº ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù. Far be it from me to call him a thief.

*belittle °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù speak lightly of: À§ÇèÀ» °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù belittle the danger

*rather Â÷¶ó¸®; ¿ÀÈ÷·Á more willingly: ¼ö¿µº¸´Ù´Â Á¤±¸¸¦ ÇϰڴÙ. I'd rather play tennis than swim.

*get along Áö³»´Ù; »ì¾Æ°¡´Ù manage: ¿ì¸®´Â µ· ¾øÀÌ »ì ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. We can't get along without money.

The most serious threat to a person's progress arises from his efforts to keep safe in his job, to see to it that he doesn't make mistakes. Sometimes when we adopt "safe" attitudes we tell ourselves that we don't disagree with the boss because we are loyal to him and the organization. Far be it from me to belittle loyalty, but I would rather have a little disagreement. I'd rather have someone give me an argument. Let us remember that two men in an organization think exactly alike, we can get along without one of them.

3.11

´ëµµ½Ã¿¡¼­ »ç´Â °¡Àå Å« À§Çè Áß Çϳª´Â ÀÌ¿ô »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹°í Àΰ£¾Ö°¡ ³Ê¹« Àû´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÇǰïÇØÁ®¼­ ÇÑ ±×·çÀÇ Çª¸¥ ³ª¹«°¡ õ¿© ¸íÀÇ µ¿·á ½Ã¹Îµéº¸´Ù ´õ ±ÍÁßÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Àͼ÷ÇØÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼ö¹é ¸¸°³ÀÇ ´«µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô ¸¸µé°í, ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÇѾøÀÌ ¶°¹Ð¸®´Ù º¸¸é ¸»´õ½ºÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» º¸´Ù ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô µÇ°í, ½ÉÁö¾î Çì·Ô°ú °°Àº ´ë·® ÇлìÀÚµéÀ» ÁÁ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

*apt having a tendency, likely to do something: ±×´Â ¾î·Á¿î »óȲ¿¡¼­ È­¸¦ ³»´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. He's apt to lose his temper in difficult situations..

*humanity Àηù the human race; mankind: Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹üÁË crimes against humanity

*odd ¾à°£ ³Ñ´Â with a little extra: 500 ³²Áþ five hundred odd (=a number greater than 500)

*weary make or become tired: È¥ÀÚ »ç´Âµ¥ ÁöÄ£ wearied of living all alone

*harden make or become stronger and more able to deal with difficulty, pain, etc.: »ê ¼ÓÀÇ »ýȰÀÌ ³ª¸¦ °­ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. Life in the mountains hardened me.

*jostle ¹ÐÄ¡´Ù push roughly: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÎÆÄ¿¡ ¹Ð·È´Ù. We were jostled by the crowd.

*take to ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Ù be kind or favorable to; like: Âð°ú ÆúÀº ¸¸³ªÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ¼­·Î ÁÁ¾ÆÇϰԵǾú´Ù. Jean took to Paul as soon as they met.

*think better of ´õ ÁÁ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù have a higher opinion of: Á˼ÛÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ç½ÅÀ» ´õ ÁÁ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. People will think better of you if you say you're sorry.

*wholesale ´ë·®À¸·Î, ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î on a large scale: °æÂûÀÌ ¹ßÆ÷ÇÏÀÚ ´ë·® »ìÀ°ÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁ³´Ù. There was a wholesale slaughter when the police opened fire.

*depopulate Àα¸¸¦ °Ý°¨½ÃŰ´Ù lessen the number of people: ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î Àα¸°¡ °Ý°¨µÈ ³ª¶ó a country depopulated by war

One of the greatest dangers of living in large towns is that we have too many neighbors and human fellowship is too cheap. We are apt to become wearied of humanity; a solitary green tree sometimes seems dearer to us than an odd thousand of our fellow citizens. Unless we are hardened, the millions of eyes begin to madden us; and for ever pushed and jostled by crowds we begin to take more kindly to Malthus, and are even willing to think better of Herod and other wholesale depopulators.

3.12

¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁö¸é ó¹úÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ÁþÀ» ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¸é, ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¹ß°¢ÀÌ ÀÓ¹ÚÇßÀ» ¶§ Á˸¦ ´µ¿ìÃÆ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Á÷¾÷»óÀÇ À§Çè ºÎ´ãÀ¸·Î ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ °¨¿Á»ìÀ̸¦ ¿¹»óÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ µµµÏ¿¡°Ô´Â ÇØ´çµÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» ´À³¤ ¼ø°£ µ·À» Ⱦ·ÉÇÑ ÀºÇàÀÇ ºÎÀåÀ̳ª ¿­Á¤¿¡ ¸ø ÀÌ°Ü ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î Å»¼±ÇÑ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ °°Àº ¼ÒÀ§ Á¡ÀÝÀº ¹ü¹ýÀڵ鿡°Ô ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù. ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀº Àû¹ßµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Èñ¹ÚÇØ º¸ÀÏ ¶§´Â ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀØÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àû¹ßµÇ¾ú°Å³ª ±×·¸°Ô µÉ À§ÇèÀÌ Å¬ ¶§, Á»´õ ´öÀ» ½×Áö ¸øÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ÈÄȸÇϰí, ÀÌ·± ÈÄȸ´Â ±×µéÀÇ Á˰¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª Å« °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ½Ç°¨ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

*manner ¹æ¹ý, ¹æ½Ä way in which a thing is done or happen: ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇØ¶ó. Do it in this manner.

*imminent ÀÓ¹ÚÇÑ which is going to happen very soon: ±×°¡ µµÂøÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÀÓ¹ÚÇß´Ù. His arrival is imminent.

*repent ÂüȸÇÏ´Ù, À߸øÀ» ´µ¿ìÄ¡´Ù think with regret or sorrow of: ±×´Â ÀڱⰡ ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÂüȸÇß´Ù. He repented of what he had done.

*offender ¹ü¹ýÀÚ, ¹üÁËÀÚ person who does wrong, especially by breaking a law: '±×µéÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¾î±ä ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù.'¶ó°í ±×´Â ¿ÜÃÆ´Ù. `They are offenders against the laws of God!' he cried.

*embezzle µ·À» Ⱦ·ÉÇÏ´Ù use for oneself money given into one's care: ±×´Â Àû¹ßµÇ±â Àü¿¡ 15,000´Þ·¯¸¦ Ⱦ·ÉÇß´Ù. He embezzled $15,000 before they caught him.

*stress ¾î·Á¿î »óȲ pressure; condition causing hardship: °¡³­¿¡ Âîµé·Á¼­ under the stress of poverty

*irregularity Å»¼± something contrary to rules, to what is normal and established: Å»¼±ÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§µé irregularities in behavior

*grave ½É°¢ÇÑ, Áß´ëÇÑ serious; requiring careful consideration: ½É°¢ÇÑ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Ù make a grave mistake

*enormity ±Ø¾Ç ¹«µµ, ´ëÁË great wickedness: ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á˰¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª Å« Áö ¾Ë°í Àִ°¡? Does he realize the enormity of his offence?

If you will ask some one who has at some time acted in a manner for which he would be punished if it became known, you will find that when discovery seemed imminent, the person in question repented of his crime. I do not say that this would apply to the professional thief who expects a certain amount of prison as a trade risk, but it applies to what may be called the respectable offender, such as the bank manager who has embezzled in a moment of stress, or the clergyman who has been tempted by passion into some sexual irregularity. Such men can forget their crime when there seems little chance of detection, but when they are found out or in grave danger of being so, they wish they had been more virtuous, and this wish may give them a lively sense of the enormity of their sin.

3.13

¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´ç½Å¿¡ °üÇØ ²ûÂïÇÑ ¸»À» Çß´Ù´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µéÀ¸¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æ ¸¶¶¥ÇÑ ºñÆÇÀ» ¾ÆÈç ¾ÆÈ© ¹øÀ̳ª »ï°¡ÇØ ¿Ô´ø Á¡À» ±â¾ïÇÏ°í ¹é ¹øÂ° ¹«½ÉÄÚ ±× »ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»Çعö¸° °ÍÀº Àش´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×ó·³ ¸¹ÀÌ Âü¾ÆÁØ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´äÀÌ À̰ÍÀΰ¡¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´À³¢´Â °Í°ú ²À ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¾ÆÈç ¾ÆÈ© ¹ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϰí, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸»À» ÇÑ ¹é ¹øÂ°¸¸À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

*so-and-so ¾Æ¹«°³ person not needing to be named: ±×´Â ¾î¶² ´ÄÀºÀÌ¿´´Ù. He's an old so-and-so.

*horrid ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇÑ disagreeable: ¾ÆÁÖ ³ª»Û ³¯¾¾ horrid weather

*refrain from »ï°¡ÇÏ´Ù; ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù hold oneself back: °ø°øÀå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ħÀ» ¹ñÁö ¸¶½Ã¿À. Please refrain from spitting in public places.

*utter ¸»ÇÏ´Ù say: ±×°¡ ÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· ¸» the last words he uttered

*unguarded ¹«½ÉÇÑ unwisely careless: ¹«½ÉÄÚ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í µ¿ÀÇÇߴµ¥ ±×ÈÄ µÎ°íµÎ°í ÈÄȸÇß´Ù. I agreed to do it in an unguarded moment, and I've regretted it ever since.

*declare ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Ù make known publicly: Çǰí´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹«Á˶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù. The accused man declared that he was not guilty.

*forbearance ÂüÀ»¼º; ÀÚÁ¦·Â patience; self-control: Àγ»½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´Ù·ç´Ù show forbearance in dealing with people

*conduct Çൿ; ÇàÀ§ behavior: ¼±ÇàÀ̳ª ¾ÇÇà good or bad conduct

When you hear that so-and-so has said something horrid about you, you remember the ninety-nine times when you have refrained from uttering the most just and well-deserved criticism of him, and forget the hundredth time when in an unguarded moment you have declared what you believe to be the truth about him. Is this the reward, you feel, for all your long forbearance? Yet from his point of view your conduct appears exactly what his appears to you; he never knows of the times when you have not spoken, he knows only of the hundredth time when you did speak.

Á¦ 4 °ú

4.1

¼¼ ¸íÀÇ ¼Ò³âÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö ÀÚ¶ûÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ¼Ò³âÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "¿ì¸® ¾Æºü´Â ¾ÆÁÖ »¡¶ó¼­ ȰÀ» ½î°í ³ª¼­ È­»ìº¸´Ù »¡¸® °ú³á¿¡ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î."

"±×·± °Ç ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ß." µÎ ¹øÂ° ¼Ò³âÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "¿ì¸® ¾Æºü´Â 500¾ßµå ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­ »ç½¿À» ½î°í ³ª¼­ ±× »ç½¿ÀÌ ¾²·¯Áö±â Àü¿¡ »ç½¿ ¿·¿¡ °¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ »¡¶ó."

"´ë´Üµé Çϱ¸³ª!" ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ¼Ò³âÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "¿ì¸® ¾Æºü´Â °ø¹«¿øÀε¥ 4½Ã 30ºÐ¿¡ Åð±ÙÇØ¼­ 3½Ã 45ºÐ¿¡ ±Í°¡ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î »¡¶ó."

*brag ÇãdzÀ» ¶³´Ù talk too proudly about; boast: ±×³à´Â ¿µÈ­°è¿¡ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¹´Ù°í ÇãdzÀ» ¶³¾ú´Ù. She bragged about her connections in the film world.

*big deal ´ë´ÜÇϱ¸³ª! (¿ª¼³ÀûÀΠǥÇö) (showing that one considers something unimportant): "±×¿¡°Ô ¸»Á¶½ÉÇØ¶ó. ±×´Â ȸ»ç »çÀå´ÔÀ̼Å." "Èï, ´ë´ÜÇϱ¸³ª!" "Be careful how you speak to him. He's the company president." "Big deal!"

*get off Åð±ÙÇÏ´Ù leave (work) with permission: ³Ê´Â ¸î ½Ã¿¡ Åð±ÙÇÏ´Ï? What time do you get off work?

Three boys were bragging about their fathers. One said,"My dad's so fast he can shoot an arrow and get to the target before the arrow does."

"That's nothing," the second boy replied. "My dad's so fast he can shoot a deer at 500 yards and get to the deer before it falls."

"Big deal!" the third said. "My dad works for the government and gets off work at 4:30, but he's so fast he gets home by 3:45."

4.2

±¹Á¦ ¿ÀÆä¶ó´ÜÀÌ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸¦ °ü±¤ÇÏ´Ù°¡ »êÀûµé¿¡°Ô °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº ÆÇÃÝ ºô¶ó¿¡°Ô ²ø·Á°¬´Ù. ¼ÒÇÁ¶ó³ë´Â ±×³à°¡ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ º¸¹°À̹ǷΠ¼®¹æÇØÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. "³ª´Â ÇÁ¸®¸¶ µ·³ª¿ä." ±×³à°¡ ÄÚ¿ôÀ½À» Ä¡¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù.

"ÇÁ¸®¸¶ µ·³ª¶ó°í?" ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº »êÀûÀÌ ºñ¿ôµí ¸»Çß´Ù. "Áõ¸íÇØºÁ! ³» ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ³ë·¡¸¦ ÇØºÁ!"

"³ë·¡¸¦ Ç϶ó°í? Áö±Ý?" ±×³à´Â °æ¸êÇϴ ǥÁ¤À¸·Î ±×¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "¹ÝÁÖµµ ¾øÀÌ, µ·µµ ¾È ¹Þ°í? ÀÌ ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ Ä·ÇÁ¿¡¼­? ´ç½Å°°ÀÌ Ãµ¹ÚÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô? Â÷¶ó¸® Á×°Ú´Ù!"

"±×³à¸¦ ¼®¹æ½ÃÄÑ!" ºô¶ó°¡ ºÎÇϵ鿡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "±×³à´Â ÁøÂ¥ ÇÁ¸®¸¶ µ·³ª¾ß."

*set upon °ø°ÝÇÏ´Ù attack: ±×´Â °­µµµéÀ» ¸¸³ª µ·À» ´Ù ÅзȴÙ. He was set upon by robbers who took all his money.

*bandit »êÀû; ºñÀû an armed robber, especially one of an armed band who attack travelers in wild places

*notorious ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº famous or widely known for something bad: ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº »ìÀÎÀÚ a notorious murderer

*prima donna ÇÁ¸®¸¶ µ·³ª the main woman singer in an opera company

*sniff ºñ¿ôµí ¸»ÇÏ´Ù, °æ¸êÇÏ´Ù say in a proud complaining way: "°Ü¿ì ±×°Å¾ß," ±×³à´Â ºñ¿ôµí ¸»Çß´Ù. "I expected something rather nicer," she sniffed.

*infamous ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº well known for being bad, especially morally wicked: ¾Ç¸í ³õÀº ¹üÁËÀÚ an infamous criminal

*sneer ºñ¿ô´Ù show contempt by means of a derisive smile: ±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ ºñ¿ôÁö ¸»¾Æ! Don't sneer at their religion.

*disdain °æ¸ê contempt: ±×´Â °æ¸êÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. He was treated with disdain.

*accompaniment ¹ÝÁÖ music played at the same time as singing or another instrument: ÇǾƳë·Î ¹ÝÁÖÇÏ´Ù play a piano accompaniment

*filthy ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ showing or containing something very rude or immoral: ±×³à´Â Ç×»ó ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ ³ó´ãÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. She's always telling filthy jokes.

*vulgar Àú¼ÓÇÑ extremely rude or bad-mannered: Àú¼ÓÇÑ ¹ö¸© vulgar habits

*release set free; let go: ±×³à´Â µ£¿¡¼­ Åä³¢¸¦ Ç®¾îÁÖ¾ú´Ù. She released the rabbit from the trap.

An international opera company was touring Mexico when it was set upon by bandits and brought before the notorious Pancho Villa. The soprano demanded that she be released as a world treasure. "I am a prima donna," she sniffed.

"Prima donna?" the infamous bandit sneered. "Prove it! Sing for me!"

"Sing? Now?" she said, looking at him with disdain. "Without accompaniment or payment? In this filthy camp? To a vulgar man like you? I'd rather die!"

"Release her!" Villa told his men. "She's a prima donna all right."

4.3

¾Ö¿Ï µ¿¹° °¡°Ô °í°´Àº ±×ÀÇ Çà¿îÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ» Áö°æÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°¡ ¹æ±Ý »ê ¾Þ¹«»õ´Â ¼ÎÀͽºÇǾîÀÇ 14Çà½Ã¸¦ ¾Ï¼ÛÇϰí, ¿ÀÆä¶ó ½ºÅ¸µéÀ» Èä³»³»°í, ±×¸®½º¾î·Î È£¸ÓÀÇ ¼­»ç½Ã¸¦ À¼Á¶·È´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ °¡°ÝÀº °Ü¿ì 600´Þ·¯¿´´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ »õ¸¦ Áý¿¡ µ¥·Á¿ÀÀÚ »õÀÇ ÀÔ¿¡¼­´Â ÇѸ¶µð ¸»µµ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 3ÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ ½Ç¸ÁÇÑ °í°´Àº ´Ù½Ã °¡°Ô·Î °¡¼­ ¹°·¯ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. "¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ »õ¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â," °¡°Ô ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "½Ã¸¦ ¾Ï¼ÛÇϰí õ»çó·³ ³ë·¡¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ´Þ¶óÁø »õ¸¦ °¡Á®¿Í¼­ µ¹·ÁÁÖ°Ú´Ù´Â °Ì´Ï±î? ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä, ÀνɽἭ 100´Þ·¯¸¦ µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù." ºÒ¸¸½º·´Áö¸¸ ±× ³²ÀÚ´Â ¼Õ½ÇÀ» °¨¼öÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ ¹®À» ´Ý°í ³ª°¡·Á´Â ¼ø°£ ¾Þ¹«»õ°¡ ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·È´Ù. "³» ¸òÀÌ 250´Þ·¯¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸¶¼¼¿ä."

*recite ¾Ï¼ÛÇÏ´Ù say (something learned) aloud in public: ½Ã¸¦ ¾Ï¼ÛÇÏ´Ù recite a poem

*sonnet 14Çà Á¤Çü½Ã 14-line poem

*intone À¼Á¶¸®´Ù say (a poem, prayer, etc.) in an almost level voice: »çÁ¦´Â ÃູÀÇ ¸»À» À¼Á¶·È´Ù. The priest intoned the blessing.

*beak »õÀÇ ºÎ¸® hard, horny part of a bird's mouth

*disconsolate ħ¿ïÇÑ; ÀDZâ¼ÒħÇÑ hopelessly sad: ±×³à´Â °í¾çÀ̰¡ Á׾ ħ¿ïÇß´Ù. She is disconsolate about the death of her cat.

*proprietor ÁÖÀÎ; ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ owner of a business: ³ª´Â È£ÅÚ ÁÖÀο¡°Ô Ç×ÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ ½è´Ù. I've written a complaint to the proprietor of the hotel.

*share ¸ò; ºÐ¹è part or division which somebody has in: ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³ª´­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. We shall all have a share in the profits.

The pet-shop customer couldn't believe his good fortune. The parrot he had just bought could recite Shakespeare's sonnets, imitate opera stars and intone Homer's epic poems in Greek. And he cost only $600.

Once the man got the bird home, however, not another word passed his beak. After three weeks the disconsolate customer returned to the shop and asked for his money back. "When we had this bird," said the proprietor, "he could recite poetry and sing like an angel. Now you want me to take him back when he's no longer himself? Well, all right. Out of the goodness of my heart I'll give you $100." Reluctantly the man accepted his loss. Just as the door shut behind him he heard the parrot say to the shop owner, "Don't forget¡ªmy share is $250."

4.4

¾î´À ³¯ ¿ÀÈÄ ¿©µ¿»ý Äڴϰ¡ ³»°Ô ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çß´Ù. "³»ÀÏ Àú³á ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ¿À±â·Î µÇ¾îÀִµ¥ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ´ëÁ¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áö ¸ð¸£°Ú¾î."

³ª´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸Þ´º°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½¬¿î ¿ä¸®¹ýµéÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¿ä¸® ¼Ø¾¾°¡ ¶Ù¾î³­ Å« ¾ð´Ï¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ»óÇØ¼­ ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ÄÚ´Ï¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"¾ð´Ï°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Å¶ó¸é ³ªµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µé¾ú¾î." ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù.

*company ¼Õ´Ô one or more guests: ¿À´Ã¹ã ¿ÜÃâÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÅ. ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ¿Ã °Å¾ß. No, you can't go out tonight; we're expecting company.

*serve À½½ÄÀ» Â÷·ÁÁÖ´Ù offer (food, drinks, a meal, etc.) for eating or drinking: ¸ðµÎ ½ÄŹÀ¸·Î ¿À¼¼¿ä. °ð À½½ÄÀÌ ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù. Could you all come to the table¡ªwe are ready to serve.

*recipe ¿ä¸®¹ý a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food: ÃÝÄÚ·¿ ÄÉÀÌÅ©¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ¹ý a recipe for (making) chocolate cake

One afternoon my younger sister, Connie, phoned me. "I have company coming for dinner tomorrow," she said, "but I can't decide what to serve."

I gave her some simple recipes for a complete menu. Surprised that she hadn't contacted our older sister, who is an excellent cook, I asked Connie why.

"Because," she replied, "I knew that if you could make it, I could."

4.5

ÀÚ¿ø ¼Ò¹æ´ë°¡ »çÃÌÀÇ Çê°£À» Å¿ì°í ÀÖ´Â ºÒ±æ°ú ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ±¤°æÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´ø »çÃÌÀº ÈÞ´ë¿ë ÀüÈ­±â·Î º¸Çèȸ»ç¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾úÁö¸¸ ÀÀ´äÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. "º¸Çè ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ³»°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¾øÀ¸´Ï ¾î¶»°Ô µÈ °Å¾ß?" ±×°¡ Â¥ÁõÀ» ³»¸ç ¹°¾ú´Ù.

¼Ò¹æ¼ö Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¾î±ú¸¦ µÎµå·È´Ù. "¹Ù·Î ¿©±â¼­ ÁøÈ­ ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù," º¸Çè ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ ´ë´äÀ̾ú´Ù.

*blaze Ä¡¼Ú´Â ºÒ±æ (the sudden sharp shooting up of) a bright flame: óÀ½¿£ õõÈ÷ Ÿ´õ´Ï °ð ºÒ±æÀÌ Ä¡¼Ú¾Ò´Ù. The fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.

*engulf »ïÄѹö¸®´Ù surround and swallow up: ±× ÁýÀº È­¿°¿¡ È۽ο´´Ù. The house was engulfed in flames.

*barn Çê°£ covered building for storing hay, grain, etc. on a farm

*portable ÈÞ´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â that can be carried about: ÈÞ´ë¿ë ¶óµð¿À portable radios

*how come ¾îÂîµÈ °Å³Ä? Why is it¡¦; How can it be that¡¦?: ±×³à°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÓÀÚÀε¥ ±×°¡ ±× ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸Ã°Ô µÇ´Ù´Ï ¾î¶»°Ô µÈ °Å³Ä? How come he got the job when she was the best-qualified person?

*agent ´ë¸®ÀÎ, Áß°³ÀÎ a person whose job is to represent another person: ºÎµ¿»ê Áß°³ÀÎÀÌ ÁýµéÀÇ ¸Å¸Å¸¦ ÁÖ¼±ÇÑ´Ù. An estate agent arranges the buying and selling of houses.

*frustration ÁÂÀý°¨ feelings of annoyed disappointment or dissatisfaction: ¹Û¿¡ ºñ°¡ ½ñ¾ÆÁöÀÚ ¼±¼öµéÀº Å©°Ô ½Ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. The players' frustration mounted as the rain continued to pour down outside.

*put out ºÒÀ» ²ô´Ù cause to stop burning: ºÒÀ» ÁøÈ­Çϴµ¥ 6½Ã°£ °É·È´Ù. It took them six hours to put the fire out.

The volunteer fire department was fighting the blaze engulfing my cousin's barn. As he watched, he dialed his insurance company on his portable phone, but there was no answer. "How come my agent is never there when I need him?" he asked in frustration.

One of the firefighters tapped him on the shoulder. "That's because I'm right here, putting out the fire," responded the agent.

4.6

ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£ ¾È³»¾çÀÌ ³» ³²ÀÚÄ£±¸ÀÇ »õ ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄÁØ ÈÄ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çß´õ´Ï ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. "°Å±â ¸¶ÀÌÅ© ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?" ³»°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"»þ¿ö ÁßÀä." ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù.

"¿©ÀÚÄ£±¸°¡ ÀüÈ­Çß¾ú´Ù°í ÀüÇØÁÖ¼¼¿ä." ³ª´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çϰí ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ³õ¾Ò´Ù.

±×¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀüÈ­°¡ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ª´Â ´Ù½Ã ´ÙÀ̾óÀ» µ¹·È´Ù. "¸¶ÀÌÅ©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù." ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

"´ç½ÅÀº ³» ³²ÀÚÄ£±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï³×¿ä!" ³ª´Â ³î¶ó¼­ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù.

"¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾î¿ä," ±×°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹Ý ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ±× Á¡À» ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù."

*directory ¸íºÎ a book or list of names: ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£ºÎ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ À̸§, ÁÖ¼Ò ±×¸®°í ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄÁØ´Ù. The telephone directory gives people's names, addresses, and telephone numbers.

*hang up ÅëÈ­¸¦ ¸¶Ä¡°í ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ³»·Á³õ´Ù finish a telephone conversation by putting the receiver back: ÀüÈ­ »óŰ¡ ³ª»Ú±¸³ª. ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ³õ¾Æ¶ó. ³»°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀüÈ­ÇÒ²². It's a bad line; hang up and I'll call you back.

After directory assistance gave me my boyfriend's new telephone number, I dialed him and got a woman. "Is Mike there?" I asked.

"He's in the shower," she responded.

"Please tell him his girlfriend phoned," I said and hung up.

When he didn't return the call, I dialed again. This time a man answered. "This is Mike," he said.

"You're not my boyfriend!" I exclaimed.

"I know," he replied. "That's what I've been trying to tell my wife for the past half-hour."

4.7

½ÇÁ¦ »ç½Ç¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ ÁøÂ¥ ºÒ¸¸À» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ÀϹÝÈ­½ÃÄÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÒ¿îÀº ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¿¡ ÅëÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸°´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ±×´Â Á¤º¸ºÎÀÇ ¾î¶² ºñ¸®¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³Â´Âµ¥ ±×°ÍÀ» °¨Ãß´Â °ÍÀÌ ±¹°¡¿¡ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀڱⰡ ¾Ë¾Æ³½ »ç½ÇÀ» ³Î¸® ¾Ë¸± ±æÀÌ ¾ø°í ÃÖ°íÀ§ÃþÀÇ »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÌ ºÐÅëÅÍÁö´Â ºñ¸®¸¦ ½ÃÁ¤ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö´Â ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °ÅÀý´çÇÑ ±×´Â ¸ðµç ±Ç·ÂÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÇü ºñ¸®¸¦ °¨Ã߱⿡¸¸ ±Þ±ÞÇØ ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

*genuine ÁøÂ¥ÀÇ; Áø½ÇÇÑ true; really what it seems to be: Áø½É¿¡¼­ ¿ì·¯³­ ½½ÇÄ genuine sorrow

*grievance ºÒ¸¸; ºÒÆò real or imagined cause for complaint or protest: ³ëÁ¶ ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀÇ ºÒ¸¸ »çÇ׵鿡 °üÇØ À̾߱âÇß´Ù. The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers.

*in the light of ¡¦¶ó´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ taking into account; considering: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¹üÁËÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù view one's conduct in the light of crime

*afford ÁÖ´Ù; Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù provide; give: ³ª¹«µéÀº ½Ã¿øÇÑ ±×´ÃÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. The trees afford a pleasant shade.

*be in the dark ÀüÇô ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ´Â be in ignorance: ¿ì¸®´Â ±×ÀÇ µ¿Å¿¡ °üÇØ ÀüÇô ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. We were completely in the dark about his movements.

*publicity ¼±Àü; È«º¸; Àαâ the state of being known to everyone: ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁö°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ¿©¹è¿ì an actress who seeks publicity

*indignation ºÐ°³; ºÐ³ë anger caused by injustice, misconduct: ¸ðµç Á¡ÀÝÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÐ°³ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î to the indignation of all decent people

*so far Áö±Ý±îÁö up to this time, point or extent: Áö±Ý±îÁö ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. Everything is in order so far.

*rebuff ¸ð¿åÀûÀÎ °ÅÀý unkind or contemptuous refusal of: ¸ð¿åÀûÀÎ °ÅÀýÀ» ´çÇÏ´Ù suffer a rebuff

*occupied ¿­½ÉÀÎ; °ñ¸ôÇϰí ÀÖ´Â busy; working: ±×´Â Áö±Ý Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ Àü³äÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. He is fully occupied with some special work at the moment.

*cover up ºÀ¼âÇÏ´Ù prevent from being noticed or becoming publicly know: ½Å¹®Àº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¸·±â Àü¿¡ ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. The newspapers printed the story before the government could cover it up.

There is the man who has a genuine grievance, founded upon actual fact, but who generalizes in the light of his experience and arrives at the conclusion that his own misfortune affords the key to the universe; he discovers, let us say, some scandal about the Secret Service which it is to the interest of the Government to keep dark. He can obtain hardly any publicity for his discovery, and the most apparently high-minded men refuse to lift a finger to remedy the evil which fills him with indignation. So far the facts are as he says they are. But his rebuffs have made such an impression upon him that he believes all powerful men to be occupied wholly and solely in covering up the crimes to which they owe their power.

4.8

Àΰ£µé¿¡ °üÇØ ³»°¡ Å©°Ô ³î¶õ °ÍÀº Àϰü¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç Á¡¿¡¼­ ÇѰᰰÀº »ç¶÷À» º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Áö±ØÈ÷ °É¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸¹Àº Ư¼ºµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÔ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×·²µíÇÑ Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í ³î¶ú´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Èñ»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç±â²Ûµé, õ¼ºÀÌ µûµíÇÑ µµµÏµé, ¹ÞÀº µ·¸¸Å­ ÁÁÀº ºÀ»ç¸¦ ÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í¿¹·Î ¿©±â´Â â³àµéÀ» ³ª´Â ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

*strike °­ÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ´Ù have effect upon the mind; attract the attention of: ³ª´Â ±×°¡ »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»Çϰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ´À³¦À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. What struck me was (=I had the impression) that he was not telling the truth.

*consistency Áö¼Ó¼º keeping to the same principles: ±×ÀÇ ÇൿÀº Áö¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. His actions lack consistency.

*all of a piece ÇѰᰰÀº all the same in character: ±×´Â ¸ðµç ¾Æ¹öÁöµéÀÌ °°Àº Åë ¼ÓÀ̶ó´Â »ý°¢À» Çß´Ù. Their fathers struck him as being all of a piece.

*incongruous ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â not in harmony or agreement: °ídz½º·± ¸¶À»¿¡ ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â Çö´ë½Ä °Ç¹° a modern building that looks incongruous in that old-fashioned village

*trait Ư¼º characteristic or distinguishing quality: ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö Ư¼ºÀº °ü´ëÇÔ°ú Á¤·ÂÀÌ´Ù. Two traits in the American character are generosity and energy.

*crook »ç±â²Û a very dishonest person, especially a criminal: Àú Áß°íÂ÷ ÆÇ¸Å»óÀº »ç±â²ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Â÷µéÀº Àå¹°À̰ųª ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù. That second-hand car dealer is nothing but a crook¡ªhis cars are either stolen or unsafe to drive.

*for all that ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí in spite of all that: ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±¦ÂúÀº ÇÑ ÇØ¿´´Ù. For all that, it was a good year.

*yield »ý»êÇÏ´Ù produce: À¯½Ç¼öµé trees that yield fruit

*plausible ±×·²µíÇÑ seeming to be right or reasonable: ³ÊÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº ±×·²µíÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ª´Â ¹Ï±â ¾î·Æ´Ù. Your explanation sounds plausible, but I'm not sure I believe it.

*sneak thief Á»µµµÏ; Á»µµµÏ a thief who steals things quietly and quickly and without using force, especially from public places

*harlot â³à a prostitute

*point ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡ a particular noticeable quality or ability of a person or thing; feature: »õ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ »ì ¶§ ¾î¶² Á¡µéÀ» Áß½ÃÇÏ´À³Ä? What are the points to look for when you are buying a new computer?

I think what has chiefly struck me in human beings is their lack of consistency. I have never seen people all of a piece. It has amazed me that the most incongruous traits should exist in the same person and for all that yield a plausible harmony. I have known crooks who were capable of self-sacrifice, sneak thieves who were sweet-natured, and harlots for whom it was a point of honor to give good value for money.

4.9

³ª´Â Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô Á×´ÂÁö º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô °íÅëÀ» Âü´ÂÁö º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á, µÎ·Á¿ò, ¾Èµµ°¨ÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¾ó±¼¿¡ Àý¸ÁÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿î ÁÖ¸§À» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¿ë±â¿Í ¼º½ÇÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³»°¡ º¸±â¿¡ Âø°¢¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°í µÎ ´«¿¡ ½Å³äÀÌ ºû³ª´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³Ê¹«³ª ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀÌ °­Çؼ­ ÁÖÀ§ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °Ì¿¡ Áú¸° ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í Á×°Ô µÉ °Å¶ó´Â Áø´ÜÀ» ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀÎ ³ó´ãÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ´ë´ãÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ º¸¾Ò´Ù.

*despair Àý¸Á complete loss of hope or confidence: °ÅµìµÇ´Â ÆÐ¹è·Î ¿ì¸®´Â Àý¸Á¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù. Defeat after defeat filled us with despair.

*steadfast º¯ÇÔ¾ø´Â faithful; steadily loyal: º¯ÇÔ¾ø´Â Ä£±¸ a steadfast friend

*illusion Âø°¢ false idea or belief: ±×´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×¸¦ Á¸°æÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â Âø°¢À» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. He cherishes the illusion that everyone admires him.

*gallantry ¿ë°¨ÇÑ Çൿ bravery: ±×´Â ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ÈÆÀåÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. He was awarded a medal for gallantry.

*greet ¹Þ´Ù receive with an expression of feeling: ±×ÀÇ ¿¬¼³Àº Å« ȯȣ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. The speech was greeted by loud cheers.

*prognosis Áø´Ü forecast of the probable course of disease

I saw how men died. I saw how they bore pain. I saw what hope looked like, fear, and relief; I saw the dark lines that despair drew on a face; I saw courage and steadfastness. I saw faith shine in the eyes of those who trusted in what I could only think was an illusion, and I saw the gallantry that made a man greet the prognosis of death with an ironic joke because he was too proud to let those about him see the terror of his soul.

4.10

»ç¼ÒÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê°í, ÁÁÀº °Í°ú ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °Í¿¡ º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤½ÅÀ» ÁýÁßÇÏ´Â ³Ê±×·¯¿î »ç¶÷µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«Ã´ Áñ°Å¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. µµ·®ÀÌ Á¼Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÛÀº ÀÏ¿¡ ´Ã ºÒÆòÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ì¿ùÇÔ, Áö½Ä, ´É·Â, ±³¾çÀ» °ú½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µµ·®ÀÌ Å« »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡½ÄÀÌ ¾ø°í, ½Ã±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, °Å¸®³¦ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, Ç×»ó Áø½ÇÇϰí ÂüµÈ °Í¸¸À» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ±×µéÀº ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª ±×°ÍÀ» ã¾Æ³½´Ù.

*company µ¿¹Ý, ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Â °Í being together with another or others: ¿©Çà¿¡ µ¿¹ÝÇØÁØ´Ù¸é ±â»Ú°Ú´Ù. I shall be glad of your company on the journey.

*overlook ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù pay no attention to: »ç¼ÒÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù overlook trifles

*trifle ½Ã½ÃÇÑ ÀÏ thing of little value or importance: ½Ã½ÃÇÑ ÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ´ÙÅõ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. It's silly to quarrel over trifles.

*instinctive º»´ÉÀûÀÎ resulting from a natural ability or tendency: ³¸¼± »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º»´ÉÀûÀÎ ºÒ½Å an instinctive mistrust of strangers

*caliber µµ·® quality of mind or character: µµ·®ÀÌ Å« ¿©ÀÚ a woman of high caliber

*carping ¹Ù°¡Áö¸¦ ±Ü´Â making unnecessary complaints about small matters: ±×³à´Â ³²Æí¿¡°Ô Ç×»ó ¹Ù°¡Áö¸¦ ±Ü´Â´Ù. She is always carping at her husband.

*bent on ¸¶À½À» Á¤ÇÑ with one's mind set on; determined on: JimÀº À½¾Ç°¡°¡ µÇ±â·Î °á½ÉÀ» ±»Èù °Í °°´Ù. Jim seems bent on becoming a musician.

*prowess Å« ´É·ÂÀ̳ª ¿ë±â great ability, skill, or bravery. This word is usually used in a military or sexual context: ±×ÀÇ Á¤·ÂÀ» ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Â boasting about his sexual prowess

*vanity Ç㿵; ÀÚ¸¸ unreasonable pride in oneself; conceit: "±×´Â Ç×»ó °Å¿ïÀ» º»´Ù." "ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀÌ ´ë´ÜÇϱ¸³ª!" "He's always looking at himself in the mirror." "What vanity!"

*breeding ¿¹Àý polite social behavior: ¿¹ÀÇ ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷Àº ¾î´À °æ¿ì¿¡³ª ó½ÅÀ» ÀßÇÑ´Ù. A person of fine breeding behaves well on all occasions.

*magnanimous µµ·®ÀÌ ³ÐÀº; °ü´ëÇÑ having, showing, generosity; noble: °ü´ëÇÑ Á¤Àǰ¨ a magnanimous love of justice

*reserve Á¶°Ç conditions: ³ÊÀÇ ¸»À» ¹«Á¶°Ç ¹Ï´Â´Ù. I believe your story without reserve.

*feed on ¸Ô°í»ì´Ù take as food: ¼ÒµéÀº Ç®À» ¸Ô°í»ê´Ù. Cattle feed chiefly on grass.

*solid ´Ü´ÜÇÑ; ¾ËÂù that can be depended on: ¼º°ÝÀÌ °­ÇÑ »ç¶÷ a man of solid character

How delightful is the company of generous people, who overlook trifles and keep their minds instinctively fixed on whatever is good and positive in the world about them. People of small caliber are always carping. They are bent on showing their own superiority, their knowledge or prowess or good breeding. But magnanimous people have no vanity, they have no jealousy, they have no reserves, and they feed on the true and the solid wherever they find it. And, what is more, they find it everywhere.

4.11

´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì °ø¿¬È÷ °ÌÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç ÇÊ¿ä ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ÇÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù. ¿©·ÐÀ̶õ ¹«°ü½ÉÇÑ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù °Ì³»´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ´õ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. °³´Â Àڱ⸦ ¿ì½À°Ô ¿©±æ ¶§º¸´Ù Àڱ⸦ µÎ·Á¿öÇÒ ¶§ ´õ ¿ä¶õ½º·´°Ô ¢¾î´ë°í ½±°Ô ¹®´Ù. Àΰ£µé¿¡°Ôµµ ÀÌ·± Ư¼ºÀÌ ¾à°£ ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¸é ½±°Ô ´çÇÏ°Ô µÇÁö¸¸ ¹«°ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌ¸é ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ÈûÀ» ÀǽÉÇÏ°í ¹°·¯³ª´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

*timid ¼öÁݾîÇÏ´Â; °ÌÀÌ ¸¹Àº shy; easily frightened: Àú »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÆÁÖ °ÌÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. That fellow is as timid as a rabbit.

*tyranny ȾÆ÷ cruel or unjust use of power: ÀÌó·³ Æ÷¾ÇÇÑ ÇൿÀº ÁߴܵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. These acts of tyranny must stop.

*readily ±â²¨ÀÌ, ¼­½¿Áö ¾Ê°í without showing hesitation or unwillingness: ±×´Â ±â²¨ÀÌ µµ¿ÍÁÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. He readily promised to help.

*contempt °æ¸ê scorn; mental attitude of despising: ±×·± ºÎÁ¤Á÷ÇÑ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â °æ¸êÀ» ´À³¥ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.

*herd ´ëÁß people generally, thought of as all alike: ³²µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â µ¥·Î µû¸£´Ù follow the herd (=do just what everyone else does)

*characteristic Ư¡; Ư¼º special mark or quality: Áß±¹Àΰú ÀϺ»ÀÎÀ» ±¸º°Áþ´Â Ư¡ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? What are the characteristics that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?

*give promise of good hunting ¹ÚÇØ¸¦ ÀÚÃÊÇÏ´Ù invite persecution

*tend ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù be inclined to; have a direction: ÀÚ³×Æ®´Â ±×³à¸¦ ³î¸®¸é ¾ÆÁÖ È­¸¦ ³½´Ù. Janet tends to get very angry if you annoy her.

In a good many cases unnecessary timidity makes the trouble worse than it need be. Public opinion is always more tyrannical towards those who obviously fear it than towards those who feel indifferent to it. A dog will bark more loudly and bite more readily when people are afraid of him than when they treat him with contempt, and the human herd has something of this same characteristic. If you show that you are afraid of them, you give promise of good hunting, whereas if you show indifference, they begin to doubt their own power and therefore tend to let you alone.

4.12

´ç½Ã ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÆíÇϰí, ÆòÈ­°¡ È®½ÇÇϰí, ¹ø¿µÀÌ º¸ÀåµÈ ½Ã´ë¿´´Âµ¥, °íÅëÀÇ µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ È®´ë ÇØ¼®ÇÏ´Â ºÎ·ùÀÇ ÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °íÅëÀº ÀΰÝÀ» °­È­½Ã۰í, õ¹ÚÇÔÀ» ¼øÈ­½ÃÄÑÁÖ°í, °íÅëÀ» ȸÇÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ÇູÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁØ´Ù°í ±×µéÀº ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·± ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Ã¥ Áß ¿©·¯ ±ÇÀÌ Å« ¼º°øÀ» Çߴµ¥, ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¾È¶ôÇÑ Áý¿¡¼­ ÇÏ·ç ¼¼³¢¾¿ ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç ¿Õ¼ºÇÑ °Ç°­À» ´©·È°í »ó´çÇÑ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù.

*ease Æí¾È; ¾È¶ô the state of being comfortable and without worry or anxiety: ±Û·Î¸®¾Æ´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¾È¶ôÇÑ »ýȰÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Gloria is a rich woman now, and leads a life of ease.

*secure È®½ÇÇÑ; º¸ÀåµÈ certain; guaranteed: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Â¸®´Â È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù. Our victory is secure.

*school ÇÐÆÄ a group of people with the same methods, opinions, styles, etc.: Çì°ÖÆÄ (öÇÐÀÚµé) the Hegelian school

*claim ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù assert; say that something is a fact: ±×´Â µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í ±× ÀÏÀ» ÇØ³Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. He claimed that he had done the work without help.

*gross õ¹ÚÇÑ; °ÅÄ£ (of people's speech and habits) rough, impolite, and offensive: ±×³à´Â ±×ÀÇ °ÅÄ£ ¸»¿¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. She was shocked by the gross words he used.

*line °èÅë; ºÐ¾ß an area of interest, activity, or work: ±×°ÍÀº ³» »ç¾÷°ú´Â ºÐ¾ß°¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù. That's not really in my line of business.

*robust °ÇÀåÇÑ having or showing very good health: °ÇÀåÇÑ ÀþÀºÀÌ a robust young man

At that time (a time to most people of sufficient ease, when peace seemed certain and prosperity secure) there was a school of writers who enlarged upon the moral value of suffering. They claimed that it strengthened the character, purified it from its human grossness and brought to him who did not avoid but sought it a more perfect happiness. Several books on these lines had a great success, and their authors, who lived in comfortable homes, had three meals a day, and were in robust health, gained much reputation.

4.13

ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀº ¾î¼´Ù ±Ù°Å ¾ø´Â »ç»óÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̴µ¥, ÀÌ·± »ç»óµéÀÌ ÀþÀºÀ̰¡ »ì°í Àִ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¹Ý°¨À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »çȸ°¡ Àü ¼¼°è¸¦ ´ëº¯ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϱ⠽±´Ù. º¯Å¶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁú °ÍÀÌ µÎ·Á¿ö °ø°ø¿¬È÷ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´ø °ßÇØµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªÀ̳ª ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â »ó½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±×µéÀº ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÒÇàÀ» Âü¾Æ³»¾ß Çϴµ¥, ÀþÀº ½ÃÀý¿¡¸¸ ±×·± °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Æò»ý ±×·± °æ¿ìµµ ÈçÇÏ´Ù.

*somehow ¾î¾Áö; À¢ÀÏÀÎÁö for some vague reason or other: À¢ÀÏÀÎÁö ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¹Ì´þÁö ¾Ê´Ù. Somehow I don't trust that man.

*in the air ±Ù°Å°¡ ¾ø´Â without foundation: ±Ù°Å°¡ ¾ø´Â »ç»óÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù catch ideas that are in the air

*anathema ¾ÆÁÖ ½ÈÀº °Í something that is detested: ±×´Â ¼úÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ½È¾îÇÑ´Ù. Alcohol is an anathema to him.

*milieu ÁÖÀ§; »çȸÀû ȯ°æ social surroundings; environment: ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ȯ°æ the historical milieu of a novel

*acquaint ¼÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù; Àͼ÷ÇØÁö´Ù make familiar with: »õ·Î¿î ÀÓ¹«¸¦ Àß ¾Ë°Ô µÇ´Ù become acquainted with one's new duties

*representative ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â serving to portray or show: ¼öµµ»ýȰÀ» ¹¦»çÇØÁÖ´Â ¿ø°í manuscripts representative of monastic life

*avow ¸Í¼¼ÇÏ´Ù admit; declare openly: ±×´Â ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â·Î ¸Í¼¼Çß´Ù. He avowed himself to be a Christian.

*utterly ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ completely: ³Ê´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. You are utterly mad.

*perverse ¿Ü°íÁýÀÇ; ½É¼ú±ÄÀº; »ç¾ÇÇÑ wrong; wicked; purposely continuing in what is wrong or unreasonable: ¾Æ¹«¸® °íÁý½º·± »ç¶÷µµ À̰ÍÀÌ À߸øÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Even the most perverse person must agree that this is wrong.

*commonplace ÈçÇÑ ÀÏ event that is ordinary or usual: Ç×°ø ¿©ÇàÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ ÈçÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Travel by air is now a commonplace.

A young man or young woman somehow catches ideas that are in the air, but finds that these ideas are anathema in the particular milieu in which he or she lives. It easily seems to the young as if the only milieu with which they are acquainted were representative of the whole world. They can scarcely believe that in another place or another set the views which they dare not avow for fear of being thought utterly perverse would be accepted as the ordinary commonplaces of the age. Thus through ignorance of the world a great deal of unnecessary misery is endured, sometimes only in youth, but not infrequently throughout life.

Á¦ 5 °ú

5.1

³ªÀÌµç ³²ÀÚ°¡ ÇØº¯¿¡¼­ ¿ä¼ú ·¥ÇÁ¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» Áý¾îµéÀÚ ¿äÁ¤ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. "³ª¸¦ Ç®¾îÁÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¼Ò¿ø ÇѰ¡Áö¸¦ µé¾îµå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù." ¿äÁ¤ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.

³²ÀÚ´Â Àá½Ã »ý°¢ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "Çü°ú ³ª´Â 30³â Àü¿¡ ½Î¿ü´Âµ¥ ±×ÈÄ ±×´Â ³»°Ô ¸»À» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ±×°¡ ³ª¸¦ ¿ë¼­ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù."

¹ø°³°¡ Ä¡°í ³­ ÈÄ, ¿äÁ¤ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼Ò¿øÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù." À̾ ¿äÁ¤Àº ¸»À» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù. "´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÎ±Í³ª ¸í¼ºÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÇüÀÇ »ç¶û¸¸À» ¿øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ä¾î¼­ Á×°Ô µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀԴϱî?"

"õ¸¸¿¡!" ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "¿ì¸® ÇüÀÌ ´Ä¾î¼­ Á׾°í Àִµ¥ ±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀÌ 6000¸¸ ´Þ·¯Âë µÅ."

*elderly ³ªÀ̰¡ Áö±ßÇÑ (of a person) old: ¿ì¸®´Â ³ëÀεéÀ» º¸´Ù Àß º¸»ìÆì¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. We should provide better care for the elderly.

*genie ¿äÁ¤ a magical spirit in Arab fairy tales

*grant (¼Ò¿øÀ») µé¾îÁÖ´Ù agree to fulfil: ±×µéÀº ±×³àÀÇ ¿äûÀ» µé¾îÁÖ¾ú´Ù. They granted her request.

*thunderclap õµÕ a single loud crash of thunder

*no way (°­ÇÑ °ÅÀýÀ̳ª ¹Ý´ë) ½È´Ù, ¾ÈµÈ´Ù (used to show strong refusal or opposition): "ÀÌ°Í Á» °Åµé¾î ÁÖ°Ú¾î?" "¾ÈµÅ, È¥ÀÚ ÇØ" "Will you help me do this?" "No way; do it yourself."

An elderly man on the beach found a magic lamp. He picked it up and a genie appeared. "Because you have freed me," the genie said, "I will grant you a wish."

The man thought for a moment and then responded, "My brother and I had a fight 30 years ago and he hasn't spoken to me since. I wish that he'll finally forgive me."

There was a thunderclap, and the genie declared, "Your wish has been granted. You know," the genie continued, "most men would have asked for wealth or fame. But you only wanted the love of your brother. Is it because you are old and dying?"

"No way!" the man cried. "But my brother is, and he's worth about $60 million."

5.2

¼÷Á¦¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´ø ¼Ò³à°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡°Ô ºÐ³ë¿Í °ÝºÐÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¼³¸íÇØ´Þ¶ó°í Çß´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ÀüÈ­±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¡¼­ ¾î¶² ¹øÈ£¸¦ µ¹¸®¸ç µþ¿¡°Ô µè°Ô Çß´Ù. "¿©º¸¼¼¿ä," ±×´Â ÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù, "°Å±â ¸áºóÀ̶õ »ç¶÷ ÀÖ¼Ò?"

"±×·± »ç¶÷ ¿©±â¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¹øÈ£¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϰí ÀüÈ­¸¦ °Å¼¼¿ä."

¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ´Ù½Ã ±× ¹øÈ£¸¦ µ¹·È´Ù. "¿©º¸¼¼¿ä, °Å±â ¸áºóÀ̶õ »ç¶÷ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?"

"ÀÌ°Í º¸¼¼¿ä!" ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áú·¶´Ù. "±×·± »ç¶÷ ¾ø´Ù°í ¹æ±Ý ¸»ÇßÀݾÆ!" ±×´Â ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ¼¼Â÷°Ô ³»·Á³õ¾Ò´Ù.

"ÀÚ, À̰ÍÀÌ ºÐ³ë¶ó´Â °Å¿´´Ù." ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. "ÀÌÁ¦ °ÝºÐÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°Ú´Ù."

±×´Â ´Ù½Ã ±× ¹øÈ£¸¦ µ¹¸®°í ³ª¼­ "¿©º¸¼¼¿ä."¶ó´Â ¿ä¶õÇÑ ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³ªÀÚ Á¶¿ëÇÑ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ¸»Çß´Ù. "¸áºóÀ̶õ »ç¶÷Àε¥ Ȥ½Ã ³»°Ô ¿Â ÀüÈ­ ¾ø¾ú¼Ò?"

*exasperate °ÝºÐ½ÃŰ´Ù annoy very much: ½ÉÇÑ Áöü¿¡ ³ª´Â ¸÷½Ã È­°¡ ³µ´Ù. I was exasperated by/at all the delays.

*look something up ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Ù; Âü°íÇÏ´Ù find (information) in a book: ±× ´Ü¾îÀÇ ¶æÀ» »çÀü¿¡¼­ ã¾Æº¸¾Æ¶ó. Look up the word in the dictionary.

*slam ¼¼°Ô ¹Ð°Å³ª ³»·Á³õ´Ù push, move, place, etc., hurriedly and with great force: ±×´Â ¼­·ù¸¦ ³» Ã¥»ó À§¿¡ ³»´øÁö°í È­°¡ ³ª¼­ ³ª°¡¹ö·È´Ù. He slammed the papers down on my desk and angrily walked out.

A girl doing her homework asked her father to explain the difference between anger and exasperation. Going to the telephone, he dialed a number and had his daughter listen. "Hello," he said to the man who answered, "is Melvin there?"

"There's no one here named Melvin," was the reply. "Why don't you look up numbers before you dial them?"

The father dialed the number again. "Hello, is Melvin there?" he asked.

"Now look!" the man yelled. "I just told you that there's no Melvin here!" Then he slammed down the receiver.

"You see," the father explained, "that was anger. Now I'll show you exasperation."

Again he dialed the number, and when a voice roared "Hello," he calmly said. "This is Melvin. Has there been any calls for me?"

5.3

¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ó¹æÀü ¾à°ªÀ» Ä¡¸£·Á´Ù 3´Þ·¯°¡ ´õ ¸¹°Ô û±¸µÈ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ¾à»ç´Â Ãʰú ±Ý¾×À» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ³õ¾Ò´Ù°¡ ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø ¾àÀ» ÁöÀ» ¶§ Àû¿ëÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

¸î ÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã °¬À» ¶§ ¾à»ç´Â 3´Þ·¯¸¦ »©Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. "ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ º¸¼¼¿ä." ³»°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÂÊÀ¸·Î °É¾î°¬´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±×°÷¿¡ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "Ç㽺Ʈ¾¾¿¡°Ô 3´Þ·¯ ºúÁ³À½"À̶ó°í ¾²¿©Áø ¸Þ¸ð Á¾À̰¡ ¸ð´ÏÅÍ¿¡ Å×ÀÌÇÁ·Î ºÙ¿©Á® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

*pick up ÁöºÒÇÏ´Ù be prepared to pay: ÆÒµéÀÌ ÇÑ ÁþÀ̹ǷΠÃ౸Ŭ·´¿¡¼­ ÇÇÇØ¸¦ º¸»óÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. The football club should pick up the bill for the damage, since their fans are responsible for it.

*prescription ó¹æ a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor for a person's illness

*charge û±¸ÇÏ´Ù ask in payment: ¼­Á¡¿¡¼­ Ã¥°ªÀ¸·Î ±× Çлý¿¡°Ô 50´Þ·¯¸¦ û±¸Çß´Ù. The book store charged the student $50 for the books.

*pharmacist ¾à»ç a person skilled in the making of medicine

*refill º¸Ãæ a material, supply, or the like, to replace something that has been used up: Àçó¹æ a refill for a prescription

*deduct Á¦ÇÏ´Ù, »©´Ù take away (an amount, a part) from a total; subtract: ÆÄ¼ÕµÈ ºñ¿ëÀ» ³ÊÀÇ ºÀ±Þ¿¡¼­ Á¦ÇϰڴÙ. The cost of the breakages will be deducted from your pay.

*scratch paper ¸Þ¸ðÁö paper, especially in single sheets for unimportant notes

While picking up a prescription at the drugstore, I noticed that I had been charged three dollars too much. The pharmacist said he would put the overpayment on the computer, to be applied toward the next refill.

A few weeks later I returned, and the clerk failed to deduct the three dollars. "Look on the computer," I told him. He walked over to it. Sure enough, the information was there. Taped to the monitor was a piece of scratch paper that said: "We owe Mr. Hurst $3."

5.4

µ¿³× ½Ä´ç¿¡¼­ Á¡½ÉÀ» ÇÏ´ø Áß ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í µþÀÌ °áÈ¥ °èȹ¿¡ °üÇØ À̾߱âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿³µé¾ú´Ù. ÀþÀº ¿©ÀÚ´Â °áÈ¥ÇÒ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±âÀ̹ǷΠÀڱⰡ °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Ç×ÀÇÇß´Ù. "¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â 23³â Àü¿¡ °áÈ¥Çϼ̴ٴ °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇϼ¼¿ä." ¿¹ºñ ½ÅºÎ°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

"¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°Ç ¿ì¸® ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ °áÈ¥À̾ú¾î."

*eatery À½½ÄÁ¡ a restaurant or other commercial establishment serving food

*overhear ¿³µè´Ù hear (what others are saying) without their knowledge and by accident: ³²Æí¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çè´ãÀ» ¿³µé¾ú´Ù. I overheard some cruel remarks about my husband.

*protest Ç×ÀÇÇÏ´Ù express one's disagreement, feeling or unfairness, annoyance, etc.: Ã౸¼±¼öµéÀº ½ÉÆÇ¿¡°Ô °­·ÂÈ÷ Ç×ÀÇÇß´Ù. The footballers all protested bitterly to the referee.

*after all ÇÏÁö¸¸ it must be remembered (that): ±×°¡ ±× ÀÏÀ» ³¡³»Áö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¹Ù»Ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸´Ù. I know he hasn't finished the work, after all, he's very busy.

Lunching at a local eatery, I overheard a conversation between a mother and daughter about plans for a wedding. The young woman protested that she was the one being married and should be allowed to make the decisions. "After all, Mother," the bride-to-be said, "you had your wedding 23 years ago."

"No, dear," came the reply. "That was my mother's wedding."

5.5

¾ð´Ï »þ·Ð°ú ³ª´Â »çÀ̰¡ ÁÁ¾Æ¼­ µÑ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â °ÅÁþÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÆ®Çϱâ·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ³¯ Àú³á, ³ª´Â °Å¿ï ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý¸øÇϸ鼭 ¸»Çß´Ù. "³­ ³Ê¹« ¶×¶×ÇØ."

"¾Æ´Ï¾ß, ¾È ±×·¡." ±×³à°¡ ³ª¹«·¨´Ù.

"¸Ó¸®°¡ ÈäÇØ."

"¿¹»µ."

"Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ¸ø»ý±ä ÀûÀº ¾ø¾ú¾î." ³»°¡ ½ÅÀ½ÇÏµí ¸»Çß´Ù.

"¾Æ´Ï¾ß, ±×·± ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú¾î." ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù.

*fidget ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý¸øÇÏ´Ù move the body about restlessly: °¡¸¸È÷ Á» ÀÖ¾î¶ó! Stop fidgeting!

*remark ¸»ÇÏ´Ù give as an opinion: ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½³¯ °á¼®ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. He remarked that he would be absent the next day.

*whine ¿ì´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö¸£´Ù complain (too much) in an unnecessarily sad voice: ¾ö»ì Á» ±×¸¸ ¶³¾î¶ó! I wish you'd stop whining!

My sister, Sharon, and I are close, and that allows us to be honest with each other. As I fidgeted in front of the mirror one evening before a date, I remarked, "I'm fat."

"No, you're not," she scolded.

"My hair is awful."

"It's lovely."

"I've never looked worse," I whined.

"Yes, you have," she replied.

5.6

³»°¡ ±Ù¹«Çϴ ȸ»ç´Â ³ë»ç Çù»ó¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾úÁö¸¸ °á±¹ »õ·Î¿î °è¾àÀÌ Å¸°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÈÄ ¾ó¸¶ ¾ÈµÅ¼­ ȸ»ç¿¡¼­ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®º¼ °ÔÀÓÀ» Çߴµ¥ ŸÀÚ°¡ °øÀ» ÇêÃÆ´Ù. "½ºÆ®¶óÀÌÅ©!" ½ÉÆÇÀÌ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù.

"½ºÆ®¶óÀÌÅ©¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °Å½½¸®´Â±º," µ¿·á ÇÑ»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "³ë º¼"À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ»±î?"

*firm ȸ»ç a business company: ±×³à´Â ±â¼úȸ»ç¿¡ ±Ù¹«ÇÑ´Ù. She works for an engineering firm.

*negotiate Çù»óÇÏ´Ù talk with another person or group in order to try to come to an agreement or settle an argument: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÓ±Ý ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ °í¿ëÁÖµé°ú Çù»óÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤Çß´Ù. We've decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claims.

*eventually °á±¹ in the end: ±×´Â º´µé¾î¼­ °á±¹ Á×¾ú´Ù. He fell ill and eventually died.

*ratify ºñÁØÇÏ´Ù approve (a written agreement) and make it official by signing it: µÎ Á¤ºÎ ¼ö³úµéÀÌ Á¶¾à¿¡ ºñÁØÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¸³µ´Ù. The heads of the two governments met to ratify treaty.

*touchy ½Å°æÀÌ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ; ±âºÐÀÌ »óÇÑ easily offended or annoyed; too sensitive: ±×³à´Â ¿À´Ã ½Å°æÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿¹¹ÎÇÏ´Ù. She's in a very touchy mood today.

The firm I work for had had some difficult labor negotiations, but eventually a new contract was ratified. Not long after, we were at a company softball game, and the fellow at bat swung at the ball and missed. "Strike!" yelled the umpire.

"We're still a little touchy about that," one of my co-workers remarked. "Couldn't you just say, 'Not a ball' ?"

5.7

½Å¹®¿¡¼­ À߸øÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» °ñ¶ó ¼ÓÁ˾çÀ¸·Î »ï´Â´Ù¸é ±× °á°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ²ûÂïÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷ ¾ÆÁ÷Àº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À¯¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ȸÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ È«º¸ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ¿Ïº®ÇØÁö¸é ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ »çȸÀû ¹ÚÇØ´Â Á¡Á¡ À§ÇèÇØÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½Å¹®ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÌ µÈ °³ÀÎÀÌ ¿ô¾î³Ñ±â±â¿¡´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¶ó´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ´ë´ÜÇÑ °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ ÇöÀçÀÇ ¸í¿¹ÈѼչýÀÌ Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ´õ °­È­µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*scapegoat ¼ÓÁ˾ç a person bearing blame due to others: ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ¼ÓÁ˾çÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé´Ù make a scapegoat of some harmless person

*as yet ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö up to now: ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â ¸»½éÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. There has been no trouble¡ªas yet.

*fate ¿î¸í what is destined to happen: ±×µéÀº »êÀü¼öÀüÀ» ´Ù °Þ¾ú´Ù. They met their various fates.

*obscurity ÀºµÐ state of being not well known: ÀºµÐ »ýȰ¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Â content to live in obscurity

*publicity ¼±Àü, ±¤°í, È«º¸ providing information to win public interest: ½Å°£ ¼­ÀûÀ» Å©°Ô ±¤°íÇÏ´Ù give a new book wide publicity

*novel »õ·Î¿î; ½Å±âÇÑ strange; of a kind not previously known: »õ·Î¿î »ç»ó novel ideas

*persecute ¹ÚÇØÇÏ´Ù allow no peace to; worry: Áú¹®À» ÆÛºÎ¾î »ç¶÷À» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù persecute a man with questions

*grave Áß´ëÇÑ very serious: Áß´ë ´º½º grave news

*disdain °æ¸ê contempt; scorn; complete lack of respect: ´©±¸³ª ¸ê½Ã ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½È¾îÇÑ´Ù. No one likes to be treated with disdain.

*libel ¸í¿¹ÈÑ¼Õ written or printed statement that damages one's reputation: ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÀ¸·Î ½Å¹®»ç¸¦ °í¼ÒÇÏ´Ù sue a newspaper for libel

When the newspaper chooses to make a scapegoat of some perhaps quite harmless person, the results may be very terrible. Fortunately, as yet this is a fate which most people escape through their obscurity; but as publicity gets more and more perfect in its methods, there will be an increasing danger in this novel form of social persecution. This is too grave a matter to be treated with disdain by the individual who is its victim, and whatever may be thought of the great principle of the freedom of the press, I think the line will have to be drawn more sharply than it is by the existing libel law.

5.8

ÁÒ¼¼ÇÉ È²ÈÄ´Â ÀÇ»ó¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¿å½ÉÀåÀ̾ú´Ù. óÀ½¿¡ ³ªÆú·¹¿ÂÀº ±×³àÀÇ ÀÇ»ó û±¸¼­¸¦ °±¾ÆÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸ Á¡Â÷ ºÒ¸¸À» Ç¥½ÃÇß´Ù. µåµð¾î ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÀýÁ¦¸¦ ¹è¿ì¶ó°í Çϸ鼭 ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â ±Ý¾×ÀÌ Å¸´çÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ û±¸¼­¸¦ ÁöºÒÇϰڴٰí Çß´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø ÀÇ»ó û±¸¼­°¡ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, ±×³à´Â Àá½Ã ´çȲÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ð ÇѰ¡Áö ¹¦¾ÈÀ» »ý°¢Çس´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀüÀï»ó¿¡°Ô °¡¼­ ±ºÀڱݿ¡¼­ ±×³àÀÇ ¿Ê°ªÀ» ÁöºÒÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ±×¸¦ ÇØÀÓ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô Çß°í ±× °á°ú ÇÁ¶û½º´Â Á¦³ë¾Æ¸¦ ÀÒ¾ú´Ù.

*gormandizer (À½½Ä¿¡) ¿å½ÉÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ person who eat greedily for pleasure

*in/with regard to ¡¦¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© with respect to; concerning: Àû´çÇÑ ½ºÅÂÇÁ¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇϴµ¥´Â ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. There may be difficulties with regard to the provisions of suitable staff.

*at one's wit's end ¾îÂîÇÒ ¹Ù¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â not knowing what to do or say: ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â ¾îÂîÇÒ ¹Ù¸¦ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. I am at my wit's end with this problem.

*presently °ð soon: °ð ±×¸®·Î °¥²². I'll be with you presently.

*bethink oneself of »ý°¢Çس»´Ù think, take into one's head: ±×³à´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹¦Ã¥À» »ý°¢Çس´Ù. She bethought herself of a scheme.

*scheme ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö secret and dishonest plan: °úºÎ¸¦ ¼Ó¿©¸ÔÀ» ¼ú¼ö a scheme to defraud a widow

*fund ÀÚ±Ý sum of money available for a purpose: ±¸È£ÀÚ±Ý a relief fund

*dismiss ÇØ°íÇÏ´Ù remove from a job: Á¾¾÷¿øÀ» ÇØ°í½ÃŰ´Ù get an employee dismissed

*in consequence of ¡¦¶§¹®¿¡ as a result of: ÀÏÀ» ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» ÇØ°íÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.

The Empress Josephine was a gormandizer in regard to clothes. At first Napoleon used to pay her dressmaker's bills, though with continually increasing protest. At last he told her that she really must learn moderation, and that in future he would only pay her bills when the amount seemed reasonable. When her next dressmaker's bill came in, she was for a moment at her wit's end, but presently she bethought herself of a scheme. She went to the War Minister and demanded that he should pay her bill out of the funds provided for the war. Since he knew that she had the power to get him dismissed, he did so, and the French lost Genoa in consequence.

5.9

³ªÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á÷¾÷¿¡ ºÒ¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÑ´Ù.

´ç½ÅÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¾î¶²°¡? ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á÷¾÷ÀÌ °í¿ª½º·¯¿î°¡ Áñ°Å¿î°¡? °í¿ªÀ̶ó¸é ´çÀå °Å±â¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀλýÀº °í¿ª ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¸³»±â¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ª°í ±ÍÁßÇÏ´Ù. Áö±Ý ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³­·Î À§ ¹°´ÜÁö ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³±¸¸®¿Í °°Àº ½Å¼¼°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°´ÜÁöÀÇ ¿Âµµ°¡ ¼­¼­È÷ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é °³±¸¸®´Â ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°í ºÒÆíÇÏÁö¸¸ ¶Ù¾î³ª¿Ã Á¤µµ±îÁö´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² º¯È­°¡ ÀϾ°íÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£´Â »çÀÌ¿¡ °³±¸¸®´Â ¼­¼­È÷ ÀǽÄÀÌ ¸ù·ÕÇØÁö´Ù°¡ °á±¹ À;î¹ö¸°´Ù.

*indicate ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù make clear: ±×ÀÇ µµ¿òÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Çß´Ù. I indicated that his help was not welcome.

*decided °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ; ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ clear; definite: ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. There is a decided difference between them.

*step Á¶Ä¡ one action in a series of actions with a view to effecting a purpose: µ¶°¨ÀÇ È®»êÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇÏ´Ù take steps to prevent the spread of influenza

*end up ³¡ÀåÀÌ ³ª´Ù finish: µµµÏÁúÀ» °è¼ÓÇÏ¸é °á±¹ Çü¹«¼Ò¿¡ °¡°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. If you continue to steal, you'll end up in prison.

*gradually ¼­¼­È÷; Á¡Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î by degrees: ±×ÀÇ °Ç°­Àº ¼­¼­È÷ È£ÀüµÇ¾ú´Ù. His health improved gradually.

*restless ¸¶À½ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤À» ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â giving no rest: ³ª´Â ÀáÀ» ¼³ÃÆ´Ù. I spent a very restless night. (=could not sleep)

*take place ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Ù, ¹ú¾îÁö´Ù happen: Á¦³×¹Ù¿¡¼­ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ÆòÈ­ ȸ´ã the peace talks currently taking place in Geneva

*lull ´Þ·¡´Ù make or become quiet or less active: ¾Æ±â¸¦ ´Þ·¡¼­ Àç¿ì´Ù lull a baby to sleep

All of my studies indicate that a decided majority of the Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs and wish they were doing something else.

What about you? Is your job work or fun? If it is work, then you would probably be wise to take immediate steps to get out of it. Your life is too short and too valuable to waste in work. If you don't get out now, you may end up like the frog that is placed in a pot of fresh water on the stove. As the temperature in the pot gradually increased, the frog feels restless and uncomfortable, but not uncomfortable enough to jump out. Without being aware that a change is taking place, he is gradually lulled into unconsciousness¡ªboiled.

5.10

ŸÀÌ·£µå ¿ÕµéÀº ¹Ì¿î »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Ⱥ ÄÚ³¢¸®¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Èò ÄÚ³¢¸®´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÏÀ» ½Ãų ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Á×À̰ųª ¹ö¸± ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Èò ÄÚ³¢¸®¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ±×°ÍÀ» Á¦´ë·Î °ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾öû³­ µ·À» ½á¾ß Çß´Ù. ¾ó¸¶ ÈÄ ±×´Â ¾ÆÁÖ °¡³­ÇØÁø´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿µ±¹ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«¿ëÁö¹°À» "Èò ÄÚ³¢¸®"¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

*sacred ½Å¼ºÇÑ treated with great reverence: Àεµ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÌ´Ù. In India the cow is a sacred animal.

*give away °øÂ¥·Î ÁÖ´Ù give freely, not expecting anything in return: ±×´Â °¡Áø µ·À» ¸ðµÎ Áà¹ö·È´Ù. He gave away all his money.

Many people say that the kings of Thailand used to give white elephants to people whom they did not like. These white elephants were sacred and they could not be made to work. They could not be killed or given away. A person who owned a white elephant had to pay a lot of money to keep it properly. After a certain time, he usually became very poor. Nowadays people in England call a useless thing "a white elephant."

5.11

ûÃáÀº ¿µ°¨ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¼ú Ȱµ¿ÀÇ ºñ±Ø Áß Çϳª´Â ÀþÀº ½ÃÀýÀÇ ÀϽÃÀû ´É·Â¸¸À» ¹Ï°í ±æÀ» À߸ø µé¾î Æò»ýÀ» âÀÛÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¹ÙÄ¡´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºñÂüÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀ̰¡ µé¸é âÀÇ·ÂÀº ¾ø¾îÁö°í, ÀÌÁ¦ ¿Í¼­ ½Ã½ÃÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼ÒÀ縦 ¾ò±â À§ÇØ µÎ³ú¸¦ Áã¾îÂ¥³»´Â ±ä ¼¼¿ùÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾¹¾µÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿¹¼ú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¾ð·ÐÀÌÀ̳ª ±³»ç·Î¼­ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

*inspiration ¿µ°¨ influence arousing creative activity in literature, music, art, etc.: ¸¹Àº ½ÃÀΰú È­°¡µéÀº ÀÚ¿¬¿¡¼­ ¿µ°¨À» ¾ò´Â´Ù. Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature.

*spectacle ±¸°æ°Å¸® sight; scene: ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¿ôÀ½°Å¸®·Î ¸¸µéÁö ¸»¾Æ. Don't make a spectacle of yourself.

*fertile dzºÎÇÑ producing much: Çΰ谡 ¸¹Àº ¼Ò³â a boy who is fertile in excuses

*desert Àú¹ö¸®´Ù fail: ±×´Â ¿ë±â¸¦ ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. His courage deserted him.

*humdrum Æò¹üÇÑ; ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿î too ordinary; monotonous: ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿î ¿ì¸®³× »ýȰ our humdrum lives

*calling Á÷¾÷; õÁ÷ a person's profession or trade: ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á÷¾÷Àº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? What is your calling?

*harass ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù persistently disturb; torment; trouble: ´ë°¡Á·À» µ¹º¸´Âµ¥ ½Ã´Þ¸° harassed by the cares of a large family

*beat out ±ÞÈ÷ ÇØ³»´Ù produce hurriedly, especially by writing or typing: 3Àϸ¸¿¡ ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀ» Àâ¾Æ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. There are three days left to beat out the first draft of the novel.

*allied °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â to be connected with: ¿µ¾î´Â µ¶ÀϾî¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. The English language is allied to the German language.

Youth is inspiration. One of the tragedies of the arts is the spectacle of the vast number of persons who have been misled by this passing fertility to devote their lives to the effort of creation. Their invention deserts them as they grow older, and they are faced with the long years before them in which, unfitted by now for a more humdrum calling, they harass their wearied brain to beat out material it is incapable of giving them. They are lucky when, with what bitterness we know, they can make a living in ways, like journalism or teaching, that are allied to the arts.

5.12

³²ÀÚ°¡ ¿ì¿ïÇØÁö¸é ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã°í ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¹Û¿¡ ³ª°¡ »õ ¸ðÀÚ¸¦ »ê´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀÌ´Â ¿ÊÀÌ¶óµµ ¿©ÀÚ´Â ´Ã °°Àº °ÍÀ» º¸¸é ½ÈÁõÀÌ ³­´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µûºÐÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ´Â ½ºÅ¸Àϰú »ö»ó¿¡ °üÇØ ½ÇÇèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϹǷΠÀ¯ÇàÀ» âÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ´ë°³ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ôµµ ÁÁ¾Æ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯¸é ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ °°Àº ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ±×·¯´Ù º¸¸é ¶Ç´Ù½Ã µûºÐÇØÁö¹Ç·Î ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ã±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

*depress ¿ì¿ïÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù make sad, low in spirits: ½ÀÇÑ °Ü¿ïÀº Ç×»ó ±×³à¸¦ ¿ì¿ïÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. Wet weather always depresses her.

*take to ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù begin as a practice, habit, etc.: ÁÔÀº ¿äÁò ¼úÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¸¶½Å´Ù. John is taken to drinking too much lately.

*bore ½ÈÁõ³ª°Ô (Áö·çÇϰÔ) ÇÏ´Ù make tired or uninterested: ¼ö¾÷ÀÌ Áö·çÇØ¼­ ÇлýµéÀº ½ÈÁõÀÌ ³µ´Ù. The lesson was boring, and the students were bored.

*frequent ºó¹øÇÑ common; found or happening often; repeated many times: ÀÌÂÊ ÇØ¾È¿¡¼­´Â °©ÀÛ½º·± Æø¿ì°¡ Àæ´Ù. Sudden rainstorms are frequent on this part of the coast.

*more or less °ÅÀÇ almost; nearly: ÀÏÀº °ÅÀÇ ³¡³µ´Ù. The work is more or less finished.

It used to be said that when a man felt depressed, he took to drink, but a woman went out and bought a new hat. However good her clothes are, a woman gets tired of always looking the same. It's boring. A woman likes to experiment with styles and colors and this helps to create fashion, because what looks good on one woman frequently looks good on another. Then it seems that everyone is wearing more or less the same clothes, and so it becomes boring again, and women start to look for something different.

5.13

¿À´Ã³¯ Àü¹®Á÷ÀÇ ÀþÀº ¹ÌÈ¥ ¿©¼ºµéÀº, Áö´É°ú ¸Å·ÂÀÌ ¼öÁØÀÌÇϰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ¾Ö¸¦ ³º°í ½ÍÀº ¿å¸ÁÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¸Å¿ì ÈíÁ·ÇÑ »ýȰÀ» ÇâÀ¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Ö¸¦ °®°í ½ÍÀº ¿å¸ÁÀ» °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é °áÈ¥ÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´ë°³ Á÷¾÷À» ÀÒ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×³à´Â Àü¿¡ Àͼ÷Çß´ø ¾È¶ô º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³²ÆíÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀº Àü¿¡ ±×³à°¡ ¹ú¾ú´ø °Íº¸´Ù ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¡Á·À» ºÎ¾çÇØ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¶¸³µÈ »ýȰÀ» Áñ±â´ø ±×³à°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁöÃâÀ» À§ÇØ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇÑǬ¾¿ Ÿ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Â¥Áõ³ª´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿©¼ºµéÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ¸Á¼³ÀδÙ.

*provided ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¸é if: ¸ðµÎ Âù¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©±â¼­ ¸ðÀÓÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall not hold the meeting here.

*so long as ¡¦ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ if; on condition that: ´Þ·¯°¡ °­¼¼¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â »ó´çÇÑ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Our profits will be good so long as the dollar remains strong.

*free from ¡¦ÀÌ ¾ø´Â without; released or exempt from: ±Ù½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â free from anxiety

*overwhelm ¾ÐµµÇÏ´Ù overpower; weigh down: ±×´Â ½½Ç ¼Ò½Ä¿¡ ³ÌÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. He was really overwhelmed by the sad news.

*be accustomed to ¡¦¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁö´Ù make used to: ³ª´Â ÀÌ·± ´ëÁ¢À» ¹Þ¾Æº» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to.

*took to ±â´ëÇÏ´Ù; ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù rely on: ±×µé ¸ðµÎ ³ÊÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ±â´ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. They all look to you for help.

*expenditure ÁöÃâ spending; using: ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁöÃ⸸ ÇØ¶ó. Limit your expenditure to what is essential.

*embark on ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù, Âø¼öÇÏ´Ù start; take part in: »õ·Î¿î »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù embark upon a new business undertaking

*maternity Ãâ»ê being a mother: ¾Ö¸¦ ³º¾Æ¶ó! Maternity suits you!

The unmarried young woman of the professional classes is able nowadays, provided she is not below the average in intelligence and attractiveness, to enjoy a thoroughly agreeable life so long as she can keep free from the desire for children. But if this desire overwhelms her, she is compelled to marry and almost certainly to lose her job. She sinks to a much lower level of comfort than that to which she has been accustomed, since her husband's income is very likely no larger than that which she was previously earning and has to provide for a family instead of only a single woman. After having enjoyed independence, she finds it annoying to have to look to another for every penny of necessary expenditure. For all these reasons such women hesitate to embark upon maternity.

Á¦ 6 °ú

6.1

¾î¸° µþ¾Ö°¡ ±æ ÀÒÀº °í¾çÀ̸¦ Áý¿¡ µ¥·Á¿Ô´Ù. ³­Ã³ÇϰԵµ ±× °í¾çÀÌ´Â »õ·Î »ê ¼îÆÄ µÚ¸¦ ±Ü¾î´ë±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. "°ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ," ³²ÆíÀÌ ÀڽŠÀÖ°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "³»°¡ °ð ±³À°À» ½ÃŰ°Ú¾î."

³²ÆíÀÌ ²ö±â ÀÖ°Ô ¾Ö¿Ï µ¿¹°À» ±³À°½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿©·¯ ³¯ º¸¾Ò´Ù. °í¾çÀ̰¡ ¼îÆÄ¸¦ ±ÜÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù ³²ÆíÀº ¹ö¸©À» °íÄ¡±â À§ÇØ ±×¸¦ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³»ÂѾҴÙ.

°í¾çÀÌ´Â »¡¸® ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×ÈÄ 16³â°£¹Û¿¡ ³ª°¡°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù ¼îÆÄ µÚ¸¦ ±Ü¾î´ò´Ù.

*adopt ÀÔ¾çÇÏ´Ù take (someone else's child) into one's family for ever: ±×´Â »ýºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÔ¾çµÇ¾ú´Ù. He's not my real father; I'm adopted.

*stray ±æÀ» ÀÒÀº; ¹æÈ²ÇÏ´Â wandering; lost: ¶°µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â °í¾çÀ̵é stray cats

*distress °íÅë; °íÃæ great suffering of the mind or body; pain or great discomfort: ³ÊÀÇ Áö°¢¾ø´Â Çൿ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¸÷½Ã ±«·Î¿ü´Ù. Your thoughtless behavior caused us all a great deal of distress.

*scratch ±Ü´Ù make lines on or in a surface with something pointed or sharp: °í¾çÀ̰¡ ³ª¸¦ ÇÒÄû¾ú´Ù. The cat scratched me.

*reassure ¾È½É½ÃŰ´Ù; ÀڽۨÀ» ÁÖ´Ù comfort and make free from fear or worry; bring back confidence to: ¼ºÀûÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Æ °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ÀڽۨÀ» °®°Ô ÇØÁ̴ּÙ. I was worried that my work wasn't good enough, but the teacher reassured me.

*deposit (³»·Á)³õ´Ù put or set down: ±×´Â Ã¥»ó¿¡ Ã¥À» ³õ¾Ò´Ù. He deposited the books on the desk.

Our young daughter had adopted a stray cat. To my distress, he began to use the back of our new sofa as a scratching post. "Don't worry," my husband reassured me. "I'll have him trained in no time."

I watched for several days as my husband patiently "trained" our new pet. Whenever the cat scratched, my husband deposited him outdoors to teach him a lessen.

The cat learned quickly. For the next 16 years, whenever he wanted to go outside, he scratched the back of the sofa.

6.2

¾î´À ºÎƼũÁ¡ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ÃÊÁ¶ÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÀþÀº ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡°¡´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. "Àá½Ã Àú¿¡°Ô ¸»À» °É¾îÁֽðھî¿ä?" ³²ÀÚ°¡ ±×³à¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"¿Ö¿ä?" ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¼ö»óÇÏ´Ù´Â µí ´ë²ÙÇß´Ù.

"Á¦ ¾Æ³»°¡ ÀÌ »óÁ¡¿¡ µé¾î°£Áö ¿À·¡µÇ¾ú¾î¿ä." ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. "³»°¡ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô À̾߱âÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¸é ±×³à°¡ °ð ³ª¿Ã °Ì´Ï´Ù."

±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â ¼ø½Ä°£¿¡ ³²Æí¿¡°Ô·Î ¿Ô´Ù.

*boutique ºÎƼũ (¿©ÀÚ¿ë À¯ÇູÀ̳ª ¾×¼¼¼­¸®¸¦ 챬) a small shop, or a department of a larger shop, selling up-to-date clothes and other fashionable personal articles

*counter ¸Â¼­´Ù; ´ëóÇÏ´Ù move or act in order to oppose or defend oneself against: °­·Â¹üÁËÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ ¸·±â À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Á¶Ã³µé new measures that are aimed at countering the rise in violent crime

Standing in front of a boutique, I noticed an impatient-looking young man approach a very attractive woman. "Would you mind talking to me for a few minutes?" he asked her.

"Why?" she countered suspiciously.

"My wife has been in this shop for a long time," the man explained. "But I know she'll come right out if she sees me talking to you."

His wife joined him almost immediately.

6.3

¾ÆÄ§¿¡ ±ú¾îº¸´Ï ¹ã»õ ¿©·¯ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È Àü±â°¡ ³ª°¬´ø °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ÀÚ¸íÁ¾ ½Ã°è¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ¿ô »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çߴµ¥ ±×ÀÇ Áý¿¡´Â ÃֽŠÀüÀÚÀåÄ¡ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ °¡µæÇß´Ù. "Àü±â°¡ ³ª°¬¾ú³ª¿ä?" ±×³à°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"±×·¡¿ä. ¾à 3½Ã°£ µ¿¾È."

"¿À´Ã ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀϵéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ³õ¾Ò´Âµ¥," ±×³à´Â ±«·Î¿î µí ¸»Çß´Ù. "ºÎ¾ý ÀÏ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¸ðµÎ ´Ù½Ã ÇÏ·Á¸é ¿ÀÀü ½Ã°£À» ´Ù º¸³»¾ß Çϰھî¿ä."

*power Àü·Â force that can be used for doing work, driving a machine, or producing electricity: Á¤Àü¿¡ ´ëºñÇØ¼­ ¾çÃʸ¦ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç³ù´Ù. I've bought lots of candles in case there's a power cut. (=a failure in the supply of electricity)

*bulge ºÎÇ®´Ù; ´Ã¾î³ª´Ù swell or curve outwards: Á¡Á¡ ´Ã¾î³ª´Â ¿¹±Ý¾× a bulging banking account (=with a lot of money in it)

*digital (³ìÀ½ µî) µðÁöÅÐ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ of or based on a system in which information is represented in the form of changing electrical signals: a digital sound recording

*appliance ÀüÀÚ, Àü±âÁ¦Ç° an apparatus, instrument, or tool for a particular purpose, especially an electrical machine that is used in the house: Á¢½Ã ´Û´Â ±â°è³ª ¼¼Å¹±â °°Àº °¡Á¤¿ë Àü±âÁ¦Ç° domestic appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines

I awoke one morning to discover that the power had gone out for several hours during the night. As I was resetting my alarm clock, a neighbor, whose house bulged with the latest digital appliances, phoned. "Were we without electricity?" she asked.

"Yes. For about three hours."

"I had so many things planned for today," she moaned. "Now I'll have to spend the whole morning reprogramming my kitchen!"

6.4

µµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ Âü°í ¿­¶÷½Ç Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô ÀÚµ¿ Á¦»§±â¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. "¹öư ¸î °³¸¸ ´©¸£¸é ¹Ð°¡·ç ¹ÝÁ×À» ÇÏ°í »§À» ±¸¿öÁÖ´Â ÁÖ´Â ±â°è¸¦ »ç°í ½Í¾î¿ä." ¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

»ç¼­±³»ç´Â ¾ÈµÆ´Ù´Â µíÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Èçµé¾ú´Ù. "¹Ð°¡·ç ¹ÝÁ×À» ÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÎÇ®¾î¿À¸£´Â °ÍÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Áñ°Å¿î ÀÏÀε¥," ±×³à°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¿äÁò ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀº ¿Ö ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ±â°è°¡ ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ö±î?"

"µµ¼­ Ä«µå ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷ÀÌ ¾îµðÀԴϱî?" ³ª´Â °£Ã»Çß´Ù.

"Ä«µå ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ¿ä?" ±×³à°¡ ¿ô¾ú´Ù. "¿äÁò Ä«µå ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø¾î¿ä. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »öÀÎÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î ¾È³»Çϰھî¿ä."

*reference library Âü°í¿­¶÷½Ç a collection of books that cannot be taken away but must be studied in the place where they are kept

*knead ¹ÝÁ×ÇÏ´Ù press (especially a flour-and-water mixture for making bread) firmly and repeatedly with the hands: ¹Ð°¡·ç ¹ÝÁ×À» Çß´Ù. They kneaded the dough.

*dough ¹Ð°¡·ç ¹ÝÁ× flour mixed with water ready for baking

*plead °£Ã»ÇÏ´Ù ask very strongly and seriously and in a begging way: ±×³à´Â ÁöºÒ±â°£À» ¿¬ÀåÇØ´Þ¶ó°í °£Ã»Çß´Ù. She pleaded for more time to pay.

At the library, I told the reference librarian I needed information on an automatic breadmaker. "It's a machine I'm interested in buying that kneads dough and bakes bread for you, with just the touch of a few buttons," I explained.

The librarian shook her head sadly. "There is so much satisfaction in kneading the dough and watching it rise," she replied. "Why must you young people have a machine do everything for you? Why can't you do things the old-fashioned way?"

"Can you just point me to the card catalogue?" I pleaded.

"Card catalogue?" She laughed. "Nobody uses a card catalogue anymore? Let me take you to the computer index."

6.5

³» Ä£±¸ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ô »ç¶÷Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ³¯¾¾¿¡µµ ±×ÀÇ °³, ½Åµð¸¦ »êÃ¥½ÃŲ´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ Àú³á Æø¿ì°¡ ½ñ¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ¾îÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ¿ìÀ带 Áý¾îµé°í, °³¸¦ ºÎ¸¥ ´ÙÀ½, ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª°¬´Ù. ¿ìºñÀÇ Èĵå´Â ½Ã¾ß¸¦ Á¼°Ô ÇßÁö¸¸ Æø¿ì¸¦ °ßµð°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. °³¸¦ À§ÇØ ¾ïÁö·Î 4°³ ºí·ÏÀ» µ· ´ÙÀ½ Âù ºñ¿¡ Á¥Àº ä ÁýÀ¸·Î ÇâÇߴµ¥ ½Åµð´Â Â÷°í¿¡¼­ ÃÊÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô ±×¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

*gear À屸, Àåºñ clothing or an article of clothing, especially for a particular purpose: ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸ Àåºñ football gear

*downfall Æø¿ì a heavy fall of rain

*head ¾î¶² ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡´Ù move in a certain direction: ¿ì¸®´Â ÁýÀ¸·Î °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. We are heading home.

*slicker ¿ìÀå, ¿ìºñ a coat made to keep out the rain

*tunnel vision ¾ÕÂʸ¸ º¸ÀÌ´Â Á¦ÇÑµÈ ½Ã¾ß a condition in which one's eyes are damaged so that one can only see straight ahead, not to the sides

*grudgingly ¸¶Áö¸øÇؼ­ unwillingly: ±×´Â ¸¶Áö¸øÇؼ­ ½Â³«Çß´Ù. He gave his permission grudgingly.

My friend's neighbor has to walk his dog, Cindy, no matter what the weather. One evening there was a heavy downpour, but he dutifully grabbed his rain gear, called Cindy and headed out. The hood of his slicker gave him tunnel vision, but enabled him to face the storm. After grudgingly making a four-block circuit for the dog's sake, he headed home, cold and wet¡ªand found Cindy patiently waiting for him in the garage.

6.6

¹ö½º ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ´ø Áß ÇÑ ¾î¸° ²¿¸¶°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡°Ô ¸¹Àº Áú¹®À» Çߴµ¥ ±× ´ë´äÀº ¸ðµÎ "¾ê¾ß, ³­ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù."¿´´Ù. ½Ç¸ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¾ÆÀÌ´Â Áú¹®À» °è¼ÓÇߴµ¥ °á°ú´Â °°¾Ò´Ù. µåµð¾î ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¹°¾ú´Ù. "¾Æºü, ³»°¡ Áú¹®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½ÈÀ¸¼¼¿ä?"

"õ¸¸¿¡," ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¿ì¸®´Â Áú¹®À» ÅëÇØ¼­¸¸ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ü´Ù."

*overhear ¿³µè´Ù hear (what others are saying) without their knowledge and by accident: ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸Á·Çϰí ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿³µé¾ú´Ù. I overheard them saying they were dissatisfied.

*numerous great in number; very many: ±×³àÀÇ ¸¹Àº Ä£±¸µé her numerous friends

*undaunted ºÒ±¼ÀÇ, ±âÁ×Áö ¾Ê´Â not at all discouraged or frightened by danger or difficulty; undismayed: ½ÇÆÐ¿¡µµ ±âÁ×Áö ¾Ê°í undaunted by failure

*persist °è¼ÓÇÏ´Ù continue in a course of action or way of behaving: °è¼Ó ³ª¸¦ ¿ÀÇØÇҰųÄ? Must you persist in misunderstanding me?

Traveling on a bus, I overheard a small boy asking his father numerous questions, all of which were answered by, "I don't know, son." Undaunted, the child persisted, with the same result. Finally he asked, "Dad, do you mind me asking you all these questions?"

"Not at all, son" came the reply. "It's the only way to learn."

6.7

Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ°¡·Î¼­ ¸¶À½ÀÌ ³»Å³ ¶§¸¸ ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù. ±âºÐÀÌ ÁÁ°í ¿µ°¨ÀÌ ¶°¿À¸¦ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸°´Ù¸é ÇѾøÀÌ ±â´Ù¸®°Ô µÇ°í °á±¹ °ÅÀÇ ±ÛÀ» ¾²Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ°¡´Â ±âºÐÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. ¿µ°¨ÀÌ ¶°¿À¸£´Â ¶§µµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇϹǷμ­ ±âºÐÀ» À̲ø¾î³½´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù º¸¸é ±Û¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ½À°üÀÌ µÇ°í, ¸¶Ä¡ ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡´Â ÀÏ¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ®¼­ ±× ½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ¸é ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý¸øÇØÁö¸ç Àú³á °ø¿¬À» À§ÇØ È­ÀåÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÀºÅðÇÑ ´ÄÀº ¹è¿ìó·³ ÀÛ°¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ¸é Ææ°ú Á¾À̰¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¡Áö ¾Ê°í´Â ¸ø °ßµò´Ù.

*afford ¡¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù be able to spend, give, do: ±×·¸°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ °í°´À» È­³ª°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. We can't afford to upset such an important customer.

*feel like ¡¦ÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÁö´Ù have a wish for; want: Áö±ÝÀº ÃãÀ» Ãß°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù. I don't feel like dancing now.

*mood ±âºÐ a state of the feelings at a particular time: ÇǰïÇØ¼­ ¸»½Î¿òÇÒ ±âºÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. I'm very tired, and not in the mood to argue.

*inspiration ¿µ°¨ a sudden good idea: °©ÀÚ±â ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ ¶°¿À¸£´Ù have an inspiration

*indefinite vague; not clearly defined or stated; not fixed: ±×´Â ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¼Ò ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ °ßÇØ¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. He has rather indefinite views on the question.

*subdue it to his bidding ¸¶À½´ë·Î Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù control it to his command

*retirement ÀºÅð, ÅðÁ÷ giving up one's work, position, business: ±×°¡ Á¤³âÅðÁ÷ÇßÀ» ¶§ °í¿ëÁÖµéÀº ±Ý½Ã°è¸¦ ±â³äǰÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. His employers gave him a gold watch on his retirement.

*in time °ð sooner or later: °ð ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. You will learn how to do it in time.

*restless never still or quiet: ûÁßÀº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý¸øÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. The audience was growing restless.

*make up È­ÀåÇÏ´Ù put cosmetics on: 12¼¼ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ È­ÀåÀ» ÇÏ´Ù´Ï. Ought she to make up at the age of twelve?

*itch ¡¦ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ¸ø °ßµð´Ù have a desire to do something soon: ±×³à´Â ±× ºñ¹ÐÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î¼­ Á»ÀÌ ¾¥¼Ì´Ù. She was itching to know the secret.

It is evident that no professional writer can afford only to write when he feels like it. If he waits till he is in the mood, till he has the inspiration as he says, he waits indefinitely and ends by producing little or nothing. The professional writer creates the mood. He has his inspiration too, but he controls and subdues it to his bidding by setting himself regular hours of work. But in time writing becomes a habit, and like the old actor in retirement, who gets restless when the hour arrives at which he has been accustomed to go down to the theater and make up for the evening performance, the writer itches to get to his pens and paper at the hours at which he has been used to write.

6.8

¿À´Ã ³¯ Áö½ÄÀεéÀÌ ºÒÇàÇÑ ¿øÀÎ Áß Çϳª´Â ±×µéÀÇ »ó´ç¼ö°¡, ƯÈ÷ ¹®ÀεéÀÌ, Àç´ÉÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¹ßÈÖÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ ¾ø°í ¼Ó¹°µéÀÌ °æ¿µÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ È¸»ç¿¡ ¸öÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ¾ß Çϴµ¥ ±× ¼Ó¹°µéÀº Áö½ÄÀεéÀÌ Å͹«´Ï¾ø´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³¾ °ÍÀ» °­¿äÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹À̳ª ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÀε鿡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â ½Å¹®»çÀÇ Á¤Ã¥À» ½ÅºÀÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¹°¾îº¸¸é ¼Ò¼ö¸¸ÀÌ ±×·¸´Ù°í ´ë´äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¸Ô°í»ì±â À§ÇØ ÇØ·Ó´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ Àç´ÉÀ» ÆÄ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ÀÏÀÌ ÂüµÈ ¸¸Á·À» ÁÙ ¸® ¾ø´Ù.

*exercise »ç¿ë; Çà»ç employment or practice: ÀÇÁö·ÂÀº ½Çõ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °­ÇØÁø´Ù. Will power is strengthened by exercise.

*corporation ÁÖ½Äȸ»ç limited liability company: ¹«¿ªÈ¸»ç a trading corporation

*philistine ¼Ó¹°; ½Ç¸®ÁÖÀÇÀÚ; ±³¾çÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ uncultured person; person whose interests are material and commonplace

*fatal Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ bringing danger or ruin, or having unpleasant results: Ä¡¸í»ó a fatal wound

*inquire ¹®ÀÇÇÏ´Ù ask for information: ¿­Â÷ ½Ã°£¿¡ °üÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ú´Ù. I'll inquire about the trains.

*livelihood »ýȰ¼ö´Ü means of living; way in which one earns money: Á¤Á÷ÇÏ°Ô ¹ú¾î¸Ô°í »ì´Ù earn an honest livelihood

*prostitute ÆÈ¾Æ¸Ô´Ù put to wrong or unworthy use: ´É·ÂÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ¸Ô´Ù prostitute one's abilities

One of the causes of unhappiness among intellectuals in the present day is that so many of them, especially those whose skill is literary, find no opportunity for the independent exercise of their talents, but have to hire themselves out to rich corporations directed by philistines, who insist upon their producing what they themselves regard as fatal nonsense. If you were to inquire among journalists in either England or America whether they believed in the policy of the newspaper for which they worked, you would find, I believe, that only a small minority do so; the rest, for the sake of a livelihood, prostitute their skill to purposes which they believe to be harmful. Such work cannot bring any real satisfaction.

6.9

¼º°øÀº ±× ÀÚü ¼Ó¿¡ ÆÄ¸êÀÇ ¾¾¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÈçÇÏ´Ù. ¼º°øÀº ÀÛ°¡¸¦ ¼º°øÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í¿¡¼­ ÀÛ°¡¸¦ ¶¼¾î³õ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼º°øÇÑ ÀÛ°¡´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼¼°è·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ Áß¿ä½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀλçµéÀÇ °ü½É¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÌ ²ø¸®Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ °ü½É¿¡ ¹«°¨°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×´Â ÃÊÀÎÀÌ´Ù. Àü¿¡ º¸´Ù ÈξÀ »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î »ýȰ°ú Àü¿¡ »ç±Í´ø »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ÈξÀ »çȸÀû ǰÀ§¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àͼ÷ÇØÁø´Ù. ±×µéÀº º¸´Ù ÁöÀûÀÌ°í ±×µéÀÇ Âù¶õÇÑ ¿Ü¸ð´Â ¸ÅȤÀûÀÌ´Ù. Àü¿¡ Ä£¼÷Çß°í ±×¿¡°Ô ¼ÒÀ縦 Á¦°øÇØÁÖ¾ú´ø ¼¼°è¸¦ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï±â´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ´Ù.

*bear °¡Áö´Ù; º¸ÀÌ´Ù have or show: ÀÌ ÆíÁö¿¡´Â ¼­¸íÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. This letter bears no signature.

*may well ¡¦ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù be very likely to: ±×³à´Â ³Ê¿Í À̾߱âÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Å´Ù. ±âºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ³ª»Û »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. She may well refuse to speak to you, because she's in a very bad mood.

*occasion ÀÌÀ¯ reason: ³Ê´Â È­³¾ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù. You have no occasion to be angry.

*make much of Áß½ÃÇÏ´Ù treat as of great importance; attach importance to: ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô Áß½ÃÇØ¼± ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. We mustn't make too much of this incident.

*captivate ¸ÅȤ½ÃŰ´Ù fascinate: ±×´Â Çï·»¿¡°Ô ¹ÝÇß´Ù. He was captivated by Helen.

*insensible ¹«°¨°¢ÇÑ emotionless; callous: ¿¹¼úÀû ¾Æ¸§´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹«°¨°¢ÇÏ´Ù be insensible of the beauties of art

*grace ¿ì¾ÆÇÔ pleasing accomplishment; elegance of manner: ±×³à´Â ¿ì¾ÆÇÏ°Ô ÃãÀ» Ãß¾ú´Ù. She danced with grace.

*associate ¾î¿ï¸®´Ù be often in the company of: Á¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¾Öµé°ú »ç±ÍÁö ¸»¾Æ. Don't associate with dishonest boys.

*superficial ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ, ±íÀ̰¡ ¾ø´Â not thorough or profound: ±íÀ̰¡ ¾ø´Â Ã¥ a superficial book

*engaging ¸ÅȤÀûÀÎ charming: ¸ÅȤÀûÀÎ ¹Ì¼Ò an engaging smile

Success often bears within itself the seed of destruction, for it may very well cut the author off from the material that was its occasion. He enters a new world. He is made much of. He must be almost super-human if he is not captivated by the notice taken of him by the great and remains insensible to the attentions of beautiful women. He grows accustomed to another way of life, probably more luxurious than that to which he has been used, and to people who have more of the social graces than those with whom he has associated before. They are more intellectual and their superficial brilliance is engaging. How difficult it is for him then to move freely still in the circles with which he has been familiar and which have given him his subjects!

6.10

¾ó¸¶Àü ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¶óµð¿À¸¦ »ò´Âµ¥ ÆÇ¸Å¾÷ÀÚ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àü¿¡ °Íº¸´Ù ³ªÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´çÀå ±×ÀÇ »óÁ¡À¸·Î ´Þ·Á°¡ ¹°·¯´Þ¶ó°í ÇÏ·Á´ø ÂüÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀÌ µÇ¾î »ý°¢ÇغôÙ. ³»°¡ ±×·± ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ¸é ±×´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ÆÇ´Ü ´É·ÂÀ» ÀÇ½É¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾î ¹«Ã´ ±âºÐÀÌ »óÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´Þ¸®ÇØ ±×ÀÇ ÀÚÁ¸½É¿¡ È£¼ÒÇϱâ·Î Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ÈξÀ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁָ鼭 Â÷¾×À» û±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. "½ÄÃʺ¸´Ù ²Ü·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÄ¸®¸¦ ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù."¶ó°í ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï´Â ´Ã ¸»¾¸Çϼ̴Ù.

*dealer ÆÇ¸Å¾÷ÀÚ trader: ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ÆÇ¸Å¾÷ÀÚ a car-dealer

*replace ¹Ù²Ù´Ù, ´ëü½ÃŰ´Ù fill the place of: ±úÁø Á¢½Ã¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Ù replace a broken dish

*charge ´Þ·Áµé´Ù, µ¹ÁøÇÏ´Ù rush forward and attack: ´ÙÄ£ »çÀÚ°¡ °©Àڱ⠳»°Ô ´Þ·Áµé¾ú´Ù. The wounded lion suddenly charged at me.

*occur to ¸¶À½¿¡ ¶°¿À¸£´Ù come into (somebody's mind): ³»°Ô ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ ¶°¿Ã¶ú´Ù. An idea has occurred to me.

*offend ±âºÐÀ» »óÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù hurt the feelings of; upset: ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³» »ýÀÏÀ» ±â¾ïÇÏÁö ¸øÇؼ­ ±âºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ³ª»¦´Ù. I was very offended that you forgot my birthday.

*charge ±Ý¾×À» û±¸ÇÏ´Ù ask as a price; ask in payment: ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î 50´Þ·¯¸¦ û±¸Çß´Ù. He charged me fifty dollars for it.

*tact ÀçÄ¡ skill and understanding: »ç¶÷À» ¾ÆÁÖ ÀçÄ¡ ÀÖ°Ô ´Ù·ç´Ù show great tact in dealing with people

*appeal È£¼ÒÇÏ´Ù; °£Ã»ÇÏ´Ù make an earnest request: ±×µéÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¿øÁ¶¸¦ °£Ã»ÇßÁö¸¸ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. They appealed to him in vain for help.

*vinegar ½ÄÃÊ acid liquor used in flavoring food and for pickling

Recently I bought a new car radio from a dealer who recommended it highly. It proved no better than the one it replaced. I was about to charge into his store and demand my money back, but it occurred to me to put myself in his place. Doing this I saw how offended he'd be at having his judgment questioned. So I took a different tact and appealed to his sense of self-respect. He exchanged the radio for a much better one, without charging me the difference in cost. As my grandmother used to say,"You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar."

6.11

´ç½Ã ³ª´Â õºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Àç´ÉÀÌ ³ªº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¶Ù¾î³ª º¸¿´´ø ÀþÀºÀ̵é°ú ¾î¿ï·Á »ì¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½±°Ô ±ÛÀ» ¾²°í, ±×¸²À» ±×¸®°í, ÀÛ°îÀ» ÇØ¼­ ³ªÀÇ ÁúÅõ½ÉÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù. ±×µéÀº ³»°¡ µµÀúÈ÷ °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø °¨»ó·Â°ú º»´ÉÀûÀÎ ºñÆÇ·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̵é Áß ´õ·¯´Â ±×µéÀÌ °¡Á³´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´ø Àç´ÉÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ Á×¾ú°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µéÀº µÎ°¢À» ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¸øÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ°¬´Ù.

*gift Àç´É; õºÎÀû ¼ÒÁú natural ability or talent: ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃµºÎÀû ¼ÒÁúÀ» °¡Áö´Ù have a gift for art

*by nature õ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î; º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î innately: Àú »ç¶÷Àº õ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î °Å¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. That man is proud by nature.

*facility ÀçÁÖ; ¼Ø¾¾ quality that makes learning or doing things easy or simple: ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Âµ¥ ¼ÒÁúÀÌ ¸¹´Ù have great facility in learning languages

*arouse Àϱú¿ì´Ù awaken: ÀÇȤÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â Çൿ behavior that might arouse suspicion

*despair Àý¸ÁÇÏ´Ù lose all hope: ÀüÀï Áß º´»çµéÀº »ì¾Æ¼­ µ¹¾Æ °¥ Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. During the war, the soldier despaired of ever coming home alive.

*promise (¹àÀº) Àü¸Á; Ã˸Á hope, expectation or signs of future success: ¿ì¸® ¾ÆµéÀº ¹ÙÀ̾´Ï½ºÆ®·Î¼­ Àå·¡°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Ã˸ÁµÈ´Ù. My son is showing great promise as a violinist.

*distinction Ź¿ù¼º; µÎ°¢ the quality of being unusually good in mind or spirit; worth; excellence; eminence: ¾ÆÁÖ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ÀÛ°¡ a writer of true distinction

I lived at this time in a group of young men who had by nature gifts that seemed to me much superior to mine. They could write and draw and compose with a facility that aroused my envy. They had an appreciation of art and a critical instinct that I despaired of attaining. Of these some died without fulfilling the promise I thought they had, and the rest have lived on without distinction.

6.12

ħ¹¬Àº Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¼Ò¸®ÃÄ ¿ï¸é¼­ ÀλýÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇϰí Á×À» ¶§ ħ¹¬ÇÑ´Ù. »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È Àΰ£Àº ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀ¸·Î ¶°µé¾î´í´Ù. Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ħ¹¬º¸´Ù ´õ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ´ëÈ­¶ó´Â °Íµµ ´ë°³´Â ²ûÂコ·± ħ¹¬À» ¿¹¹æÇÏ·Á´Â ÇÊ»çÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù.

*still Á¤ÁöÇÑ; Á¶¿ëÇÑ without movement or sound; quiet: »çÁø ÂïÀ» µ¿¾È ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¸»¾Æ¶ó. Please keep/stay still while I take your photograph.

*interval °£°Ý time (between two events): ÀÚÁÖ ´Ù´Ï´Â ¹ö½ºµé buses leaving at short intervals, i.e. very frequently

*in some measure ¾à°£, ¾î´À Á¤µµ to some extent or degree: ±×´Â ºÎÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. He has not become rich, but he has had some measure of success.

*desperate ÇÊ»çÀûÀÎ filled with despair and ready to do anything, regardless of danger: Æ÷·ÎµéÀº ÇÊ»çÀûÀ¸·Î Å»ÃâÀ» ±âµµÇß´Ù. The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape.

*dreadful ²ûÂコ·±, ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ causing great fear and anxiety: ²ûÂコ·± Àç³­ a dreadful disaster

Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than of the absence of noise. Even the conversation is in a great measure a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence.

6.13

¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ¶óµµ Áö±Ý ÀڱⰡ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀϺ¸´Ù ³´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷¾÷¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÈçÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ý°¢¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ã ÇൿÇÏ°í ½±°Ô Á÷¾÷À» ¹Ù²Ù´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Æò»ý °¡³­¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.

*prevalent ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø; Áö¹èÀûÀÎ common, seen or done everywhere: °³Çõ¾È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¹èÀûÀÎ °ßÇØ the prevalent opinion on the proposed reforms

*prosperous ¼º°øÀûÀÎ; ¹øÃ¢ÇÏ´Â successful; flourishing: ¹øÃ¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¾÷ a prosperous business

*occupation Á÷¾÷ a job; employment: ¼º¸í, ÁÖ¼Ò ±×¸®°í Á÷¾÷À» ¸»ÇϽÿÀ. Please state your name, address, and occupation.

*be engaged in ¡¦¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Ù be busy, be occupied with; take part in: »ç¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Ù be engaged in business

It is a prevalent idea among men who are not prosperous in their occupation that any other business is better than the one in which they are engaged. Those who are ever ready to act on this idea, and make frequent changes generally remain poor throughout life.

Á¦ 7 °ú

7.1

¾î´À À½½ÄÁ¡¿¡¼­ µÎ ¸íÀÇ ÇØº´ÀÌ ¿·¹æÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸® À°±º Áß´ëÀåÀÌ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¿þÀÌÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ºÎ¸¥ ´ÙÀ½ ¾Ö±¹½ÉÀ» ´À³¢¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "³» °è»ê¼­¿¡ ´Þ°í Àú ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØº´µé¿¡°Ô ¼ú ÇÑÀܾ¿ µ¹¸®°Ô!"

¿þÀÌÆ®·¹½º°¡ ÁÖ¹®À» ¹ÞÀ¸·¯ °¡ÀÚ ¿ä¶õÇÑ °¥Ã¤¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·È´Ù. ¿·¹æ¿¡´Â ÇØº´ 1°³ ¼Ò´ë°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸® Áß´ëÀåÀº 165´Þ·¯ÀÇ °è»ê¼­¿Í 44¸íÀÇ Ä£±¸¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù.

*couple ÇÑ ½Ö; µÑ two person or things, seen together: ±×´Â »ç³ÉÇÏ·¯ °¡¼­ µÎ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ Åä³¢¸¦ °¡Áö°í µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. He went out shooting and came back with a couple of rabbits.

*company Áß´ë a group of about 120 soldiers, usually part of a regiment or battalion

*adjoin ÀÎÁ¢ÇÏ´Ù be next to, very close to: ¿·¹æ adjoining rooms

*cheer °¥Ã¤; ȯȣ shout of joy: ȯ¼ºÀ» ¿Ã¸®´Ù raise a cheer

*platoon ¼Ò´ë a small group of soldiers which is part of a company and is commanded by a lieutenant

At a restaurant, my Army company commander noticed a couple of Marines going into the adjoining dining room. He called the waitress over and, with patriotic feeling, told her, "Buy those Marines in there a drink on me!"

The waitress left to take their order, and a loud cheer was heard. A whole platoon of Marines was in the next room. My company commander had a bar bill of $164 and 44 new friends.

7.2

Á¹¾÷ ÈÄ Ã¼ÁßÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ã¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ýâȸ¿¡ ³ª°¡¼­ ¿¾³¯ ±Þ¿ìµéÀÇ ½Ã¼±À» ²ø¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸Á¼³¿´´Ù. ³»°Ô °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ë±â¸¦ ÁØ °ÍÀº ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ °¡Àå Ä£Çß´ø Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô¼­ ¿Â ªÀº ÆíÁö¿´´Ù. ±×³à´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¸¶ÃÆ´Ù. "³Ê¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸³ª·Á°í ´ÙÀÌ¾îÆ® ÁßÀÌ´Ù."

*put on üÁßÀÌ ´Ã´Ù (of a person) increase in weight and get fatter: ÈÞ°¡ Áß Ã¼ÁßÀÌ 6 ÆÄ¿îµå³ª ´Ã¾ú´Ù. I put on six pounds while I was on holiday.

*reunion Àçȸ a meeting of friends or fellow-workers after a separation: ¿ì¸®´Â ¸Å³â ´ëÇÐ µ¿Ã¢È¸¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. We hold an annual reunion of former students of the college.

*subject ¾î·Á¿î »óȲÀ» °Þ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù cause to experience or suffer: ±×·± ¼ö¸ð¸¦ ´çÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù. No one would willingly subject himself to such indignities.

*scrutiny ¸é¹ÐÇÑ Á¶»ç a close study or look; careful and thorough examination: ¾ð·ÐÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Àå°üÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ÁÖ½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. A minister's actions are subjected to continuous scrutiny in the press.

*former °ú°ÅÀÇ of an earlier period: Àü¿¡ °¡¸£ÃÆ´ø Çлý my former student

*sign off ÆíÁöÀÇ ³¡À» ¸Î´Ù end an informal letter: "À̸¸ ÆíÁö¸¦ ³¡³»°Ú´Ù." "I'd better sign off now."

Having put on a good deal of weight since graduation, I couldn't decide whether I wanted to go to my class reunion and subject myself to the scrutiny of former classmates. It was a note from a long-ago best friend that gave me the courage to go. She signed off: "Dieting to see you again."

7.3

¿ì¸® ¾Æºü´Â ÀÛÀº »ç¾÷À» Çϰí Àִµ¥ Ç×»ó »õ·Î¿î µ·¹úÀ̸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾î¶² ÀÚ±â Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ °í°´À» º¸°í ¹¦¾ÈÀ» ¾ò¾î³Â´Ù. "Àú Ä£±¸¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î »ç¼­ ½º½º·Î ÀÚ¸¸ÇÏ´Â °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ÆÈ¾ÒÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù."

*operate ¿î¿µÇÏ´Ù; °æ¿µÇÏ´Ù manage: ±× ȸ»ç´Â °øÀå 3°³¿Í 걤 Çϳª¸¦ ¿î¿µÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. The company operates three factories and a coal-mine.

*ingenuity ¼Ø¾¾; ÀçÁÖ skill and cleverness in making, inventing, or arranging things: ÀÛÀº ¹æ¿¡ ¸ðµç °¡±¸¸¦ µé¿©³õÀ¸·Á¸é ¼Ø¾¾°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. It took some ingenuity to squeeze all the furniture into the little room.

*remark ¸»ÇÏ´Ù say: '³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Çß´Ù'¶ó°í ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. 'I thought it was curious,' he remarked.

*egotistic ÀÚ±â Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ talking too much about oneself and believing that one is better and more important than other people

My dad operates a small business and is always looking for new ways to make money. His ingenuity worked overtime once when he remarked about an egotistical customer: "I'd love to buy that guy for what he's worth and sell him for what he thinks he's worth!"

7.4

»ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ ¾ð´Ï³× ÁýÀ¸·Î ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çß´õ´Ï 10´ëÀÎ Á¶Ä«°¡ ±×³à°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í Çß´Ù. °ú°Å °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀüÈ­ÇØ´Þ¶ó´Â ¸»À» ÀüÇØ´Þ¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "ºÎŹ ÇѰ¡Áö ÇÒ²²," ³»°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "³­·Î À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÖÀüÀÚ¸¦ Ä¿ÇÇ Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ °®´Ù ³õ¾Æ¶ó. ³ÊÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ¿Ö ÁÖÀüÀÚ°¡ ¿©±â ÀÖ³Ä°í ¹°À¸¸ç ³»°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ½ÃÄ×´Ù°í ¸»Çضó. ±×·¯¸é ³× ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¿Ö ³»°¡ ±×·¨´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸·Á°í ÀüÈ­¸¦ ÇÒ°Å´Ù."

³ªÁß¿¡ ³ª´Â »ç¹«½ÇÀ» ¶°³¯ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¹¾Æ¿Í º¸´Ï ÈÞÁöÅëÀÌ ³» Ã¥»ó À§¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "ÀÌ°Ô ¿Ö ¿©±â ÀÖÁö?" ºñ¼­¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"¾ð´Ï¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀüÈ­ ¿Ô¾ú¾î¿ä." ºñ¼­ÀÇ ´ë´äÀ̾ú´Ù.

*inform ¾Ë¸®´Ù give knowledge to: Á˼ö 2¸íÀÌ Å»¿ÁÇß´Ù´Â º¸°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. We were informed that two prisoners had escaped.

*futile ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Â having no effect; unsuccessful; useless: ºÒÆòÇØ¾ß ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Ù. It's futile to complain.

*later on ³ªÁß¿¡ afterwards: ³ªÁß¿¡¼­ ±×³à°¡ °¡¹ö¸° °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. It wasn't until later on that we realized she'd gone.

*perch ¾É´Ù (cause to) be in the stated position, especially unsafely or on something narrow or high: ±×³à´Â ³ôÀº ÀÇÀÚ À§¿¡ ¾É¾Ò´Ù. She perched (herself) on a tall stool.

When I telephoned my sister's house from my office, her teen-age son informed me she wasn't home. I knew from past experience that leaving a message to return my call would be futile. "Do me a favor, Eric," I said. "Move the tea kettle from the stove to the coffee table. When your mother asks what it's doing there, tell her I told you to do it and she should call me to find out why."

Later on I had to leave the office, and I returned to find my wastebasket perched on top of my desk. "Why is this here?" I asked the secretary.

"Your sister returned your call," she replied.

7.5

Á¡½É ½Ã°£ Áß ¾î´À °í°´ÀÌ »Õºñ´Â ¼­Á¡¿¡¼­ Ã¥À» »ç°í ½Å¿ë Ä«µå·Î °áÁ¦Çϱâ·Î Çß´Ù. Á¡¿ø µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ °è¼Ó ½Ã´Þ¸®´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³» °è»êÀº ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô·Î ³Ñ¾î°¬´Ù.

¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿ÔÀ» ¶§, °í°´¿ë°ú »óÀÎ¿ë µÎ °³ÀÇ ½Å¿ë°Å·¡ ¿ëÁö°¡ ³» ¼Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. Ã¥À» °øÂ¥·Î ¾ò¾ú´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ã¥»ó ¾Õ¿¡ ¾É´Â ¼ø°£ ¾ç½ÉÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷±â ½ÃÀÛÇØ¼­ ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ Àâ¾Ò´Ù. Á¡¿øÀÌ ÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ³ª´Â »óȲÀ» ¼³¸íÇϰí Åð±Ù ÈÄ ¿ëÁö¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

"°í¸¿½À´Ï´Ù," ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "ÀüÈ­ÇØÁ༭ ±â»µ¿ä. ´ç½ÅÀº ½Å¿ëÄ«µå¸¦ Ä«¿îÅÍ¿¡ ³õ°í °¬´õ±º¿ä."

*purchase ±¸¸Å an act of buying: ±×³à´Â ¿Ê°¡°Ô¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö¸¦ »ò´Ù. She made several purchases in the dress shop.

*charge ¿Ü»ó ÀåºÎ¿¡ ±âÀçÇÏ´Ù record (the cost of something) to someone' debt: ±¸ÀÔÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ³» ÀåºÎ¿¡ ¿Ã¸®½Ã¿À. Charge the purchases to my account.

*harry ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù worry or annoy continually: ¼¼¹«¼­´Â ȯºÒ ¹®Á¦·Î °è¼Ó ±×³à¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. The tax authorities have been harrying her (for repayment).

*transaction °Å·¡ a piece of business: ÀºÇàÀº ¸ðµç °Å·¡¿¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ö¼ö·á¸¦ û±¸ÇÑ´Ù. The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction.

*trade ±³È¯ÇÏ´Ù exchange: ¶óµð¿À¸¦ ÁÖ°í ŸÀڱ⸦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. I traded my radio for a typewriter.

*form ¼­½Ä ¿ëÁö an official paper with spaces in which to answer questions and give other information: ½Åû ¿ëÁö, ¿ø¼­ application form

*reach for ¡¦À» ÀâÀ¸·Á°í ¼ÕÀ» »¸´Ù stretch out a hand or arm for some purpose: °¡°èÁÖÀÎÀº ¼ÕÀ» »¸¾î Â÷ ÇÑ ÅëÀ» Áý¾ú´Ù. The shopkeeper reached for a packet of tea.

During my lunch hour, I made a purchase at a crowded bookstore and decided to charge it. The two clerks were harried, and my transaction was traded from one woman to another.

When I got outside, I noticed I had both the customer and merchant copies of the charge form. I thought to myself that I'd just gotten a free book. But by the time I sat down at my desk, my conscience was bothering me, and I reached for the phone. When a clerk answered, I explained the situation and told her I'd return their copy after work.

"Thank you," the woman replied. "I'm glad you called. You left your charge card on the counter."

7.6

¾î¶² Á¤Ä¡°¡ÀÇ ¾ð·Ð ´ã´ç º¸Á°üÁ÷À» Áö¿øÇÑ Ä£±¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áö¿ø¼­¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÑÁö ¾ó¸¶ ¾ÈµÅ¼­ Á÷¿ø »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ ¼Ò½ÄÀÌ ¿Ô´Ù. "´ç½Å À̷¼­´Â °úÀå, ¿Ö°î, ¾ûÅ͸® »ç½Ç, °ÅÁþ Åõ¼ºÀ̾ú¼Ò. ¿ù¿äÀϺÎÅÍ Ãâ±ÙÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?"

*press ¾ð·Ð all the media and agencies that print, broadcast, or gather and transmit news: ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ freedom of the press

*aide º¸Á°ü a person who helps: ´ëÅë·É º¸Á°ü a presidential aide

*submit Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Ù offer for consideration: ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ À§¿øÈ¸¿¡ °ÇÀǼ­¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. We are submitting the proposal to the committee for their approval.

*official °ü¸® person holding public office: Á¤ºÎ °ü¸®µé government officials

*résumé À̷¼­ curriculum vitae

*distort ¿Ö°î½ÃŰ´Ù give a false or dishonest account of; twist out of the true meaning: ½Å¹®Àº »ç°ÇÀ» ¿Ö°î º¸µµÇß´Ù. The newspaper gave a distorted account of what had happened.

*half-truth ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ »ç½Ç a statement that is only partly true or is nearly a lie: ±×ÀÇ ´äº¯Àº ȸÇÇ¿Í ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ »ç½Ç»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. His replies were full of evasions and half-truths.

There was the fellow who applied for a job as a press aide for a politician. Not long after he submitted his application, he received word from the officials's office: "Your résumé is full of exaggerations, distortions, half-truths and lies. Can you start work Monday?"

7.7

µ·°ú ±³À°ÀÌ Çູ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±â´ë°¨¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ±³À°À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ú °Å¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ú¾ú´Ù¸é, "±×·¡¼­ ¾î¶»´Ù´Â °Å¾ß?"¶ó´Â ŵµ¸¦ °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±â´ë ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÃæÁ·À» ¾ò°Ô µÇ¾î, »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ¹ú°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§´Â ºÐ¸íÇÑ ÇູÀ» ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °¡Àå ÇູÇÑ Áý´ÜÀº º°·Î ±³À°À» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í µ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ö´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±³À°À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ°í µ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ö´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ½É¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸® dz¿äÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù.

*a lot ¸¹ÀÌ a great amount or number: ¸¹ÀÌ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. I want a lot.

*extensive ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ extending far; far reaching: Àü°ø ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áø ÇÐÀÚ a scholar with an extensive knowledge of his subject

*so what ±×·¡¼­ ¾î¶»´Ù´Â °Å¾ß? that is of no importance, is it; how can that make any difference: "±×´Â 5000´Þ·¯¸¦ »óÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.." "±×·¯¸é ¹½ÇØ? Á¶±Ýµµ ÇູÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °É." "He's won $5000." "So what? He isn't any happier."

*attitude ŵµ a manner of feeling and behaving: ³ª´Â ±×³àÀÇ ºñ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀΠŵµ°¡ ½È´Ù. I dislike her unfriendly attitude.

*well off ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ rich; well off for money: ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ 5³â Àüº¸´Ù Àß»ì°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°í Á¤ºÎ´Â ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. The government claims that most people are better-off than they were five years ago.

A large part of the influence of money and education on happiness comes from one's original expectations. If you thought you would earn a lot, perhaps because of extensive education, and did, you may have a "so what?" attitude. But if your expectations have been overfulfilled, the happiness that comes from getting more than you thought you would get can be quite obvious. Thus the happiest groups are those with little education who earn a lot; while the highly educated who earn a lot are not so well off psychologically.

7.8

³¯¾¾´Â Á¤ºÎó·³ Ç×»ó À߸øµÇ±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù. ¿©¸§¿¡´Â ¼ûÀÌ ¸·Èú °Íó·³ ³Ê¹« ´þ°í, °Ü¿ï¿¡´Â ¾ó¾îÁ×À» ¸¸Å­ ³Ê¹« Ãä°í, º½°ú °¡À»¿¡´Â À̰͵µ Àú°Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ºÒÆòÇϸç, È®½ÇÈ÷ °áÁ¤ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ³¯¾¾°¡ ¸¼À¸¸é ºñ°¡ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ³óÃÌÀ» ¸ÁÄ£´Ù°í Çϰí, ºñ°¡ ¿À¸é ¸¼±â¸¦ ±âµµÇÑ´Ù. 12¿ù¿¡ ´«ÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÁÁ¾Ò´ø ¿¾³¯ °Ü¿ïÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÈ °Å³Ä°í È­¸¦ ³»°í ¸¶Ä¡ µ·À» ÁÖ°í »ê °ÍÀ» »©¾Ñ±ä µíÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ´«ÀÌ ¿À¸é ½ÉÇÑ »ó¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¢ÀÚ ÀڱⰡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ³¯¾¾¸¦ µ¶Á¡ÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¶§¸¸ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*stifle ´ä´äÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù give the feeling that breathing is difficult: Áöµ¶ÇÑ ´õÀ§¿´´Ù. The heat was stifling.

*find fault (with) ºÒÆòÇÏ´Ù complain: ³×°¡ ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ºÒ¸¸ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. I have no fault to find with your work.

*want °áÇÌ; ºÎÁ· lack; scarcity; state of being absent: ¹°ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ½Ä¹°µéÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù. The plants died from want of water.

*indignant ºÐ°³ÇÏ´Â angry and scornful: À߸øµÈ ºñ³­¿¡ ºÐ°³ÇÑ indignant at a false accusation.

*become of ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ »ý±â´Ù happen to: ³ª´Â ±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. I don't know what has become of him.

*cheat somebody out of something ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö·Î »©¾Ñ´Ù act in a dishonest way to win an advantage or profit: ¼Ó¿©¼­ µ·À» »©¾Ñ´Ù cheat somebody out of his money

*disgrace ¼öÄ¡, Ä¡¿å thing that is a cause of shame or discredit: ÀÌ ºó¹Î°¡´Â ½Ã´ç±¹ÀÇ Ä¡ºÎÀÌ´Ù. These slums are a disgrace to the city authorities.

*keep to oneself µ¶Á¡ÇÏ´Ù keep something private to oneself: È¥ÀÚ¸¸ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾î¶ó. Keep it to yourself.

The weather is like the government, always in the wrong. In summer time we say it is stifling; in winter that it is killing; in spring and autumn we find fault with it for being neither one thing nor the other, and wish it would make up its mind. If it is fine, we say the country is being ruined for want of rain; if it does rain, we pray for fine weather. If December passes without snow, we indignantly demand to know what has become of our good old-fashioned winters, and talk as if we had been cheated out of something we had bought and paid for; and when it does snow, our language is a disgrace to a Christian nation. We shall never be content until each man makes his own weather, and keeps it to himself.

7.9

Á¤ÀǶó´Â ¸»Àº ÈçÈ÷ ¹ýÁ¤À» ¿¬»óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹«ÁËÀÎÁö À¯ÁËÀÎÁö ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô Áõ¸íµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â Á¤Àǰ¡ ½ÇÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤ÀǶõ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹ý ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ÀǸ¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Èûµç °úÁ¤À» ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭 Á¤ÀǸ¦ ãÀ» °Å¶ó°í È®½ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÆÇ»çµéÀº ¾Æ¹«¸® Çö¸íÇϰí Àú¸íÇÏ´õ¶óµµ Àΰ£À̹ǷΠ¶§·Î´Â ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.

µå¹°±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¤ÀǶó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ÀüÇô °£¿©ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿¡¼­ »ó°ú ¹úÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·² ¶§ Á¤ÀÇ´Â »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â °­·ÂÇÑ Á¸Àçó·³ ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ "±×°Í Âü ÀߵƴÙ."¶ó´Â ¸»À» ÇÒ ¶§, ¾î¶² »óȲµéÀÌ ÇÕ¼¼ÇÏ¿© Á¤Àǰ¡ ½º½º·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*associate with joint, connect: ÀÌÁýÆ® ÇÏ¸é ³ªÀϰ­ÀÌ »ý°¢³ª´Ù. We associate Egypt with the Nile.

*machinery Á¶Á÷; ±â±¸; Á¦µµ methods; system; organization: the machinery of government Á¤ºÎ ±â±¸

*undertake ¸Ã´Ù; Âø¼öÇÏ´Ù take up; start on: ±×´Â °³ÇõÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¶°¸Ã¾Ò´Ù. He undertook the responsibility for changes.

*arduous Èûµå´Â; ¾î·Á¿î needing much energy; difficult: ÈûÀÌ µå´Â ÀÏ an arduous work

*eminent Àú¸íÇÑ distinguished; famous and admired: °¡Àå Àú¸íÇÑ Àǻ簡 ¿ÕÀÇ º´À» Ä¡·áÇß´Ù. The most eminent doctor treated the king in his illness.

*instance »ç·Ê a single fact, event, etc.; example; case: Å×·¯¸®½ºÆ®µéÀÌ ½Ã³»¿¡ ÆøÅºÀ» ÀåÄ¡ÇÑ ¿©·¯ »ç·Ê°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. There have been several instances of terrorists planting bombs in the city.

*conception °³³ä idea or plan that takes place in the mind: ³×°¡ ¹«½¼ ¸»À» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. I have no conception of what you mean.

*mete out (°øÆòÇϰÔ) ºÐ¹èÇØÁÖ´Ù give carefully as if in measured amount; allot; distribute: Àû´çÇÑ ¹úÀ» ÁÖ´Ù mete out punishment

*It serves him right ÀߵƴÙ; ²Ã ÁÁ´Ù His failure, misfortune, etc. is deserved; he does not merit sympathy.

*of one's own accord ÀÚÀÇ·Î, ÀÚÁøÇؼ­ without being asked or forced; willingly: ¾ÖµéÀº ÇǰïÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î ÀáÀÚ¸®¿¡ µé¾ú´Ù. The children went to bed of their own accord, because they were so tired.

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can sometimes make mistakes.

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

7.10

¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÇ °¡Á¤Àº ±×ÀÇ ¼ºÃ¤¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÇ °¡Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹æ¾îÀûÀÌ°í ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ÁØ´Ù¸é ¾ÆÁÖ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ±¹¸¸Å­ °¡Á¤ »ýȰÀ» Ä£±¸µéÀ̳ª ½ÉÁö¾î ³·¼± »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô±îÁö ¼±¶æ °ø°³ÇÏ´Â ³ª¶ó´Â ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀÌ °£¼·¹Þ±â¸¦ ½È¾îÇϰí ÀÌ¿ôµé°ú ³Ê¹« °¡±õ°Ô Áö³»·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¸é¿¡¼­´Â Àϸ®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÎÀº ÀڱⰡ ¿øÇÒ ¶§ È¥ÀÚ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. Ŭ·´È°µ¿Àº ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö¸¸ º°·Î »ç±³ÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ¶æÀÌ ¸Â´Â »ç¶÷°ú ¼±¶æ »ç±Í±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé°ú Ç×»ó Á¢ÃËÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Áý´Ü»ýȰÀº ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

*in so far as ¡¦ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ to the degree that: ÀÌ »ç½ÇµéÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. In so far as we believe these facts we will use them.

*inhospitable ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÑ unwelcoming: ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Â÷ ÇÑÀÜ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¸¸Å­ ºÒÄ£ÀýÇß´Ù. It was very inhospitable for them not even to offer us a cup of coffee.

*mislead ¿ÀµµÇÏ´Ù lead wrongly; give a wrong idea to: ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¿ÀµµÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. This information is rather misleading, give a wrong impression

*represent ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù explain; make clear: ³» »ý°¢À» ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇϰڴÙ. Let me try to represent my ideas in another way.

*interfere ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù get in the way of another; block the action of another: ¼ÒÀ½ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ¹æÇØÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. The noise interferes with my work.

*keep to oneself È¥ÀÚ Áö³»´Ù remain private; avoid meeting other people: ±×³à´Â º°·Î ¿ÜÃâÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í È¥ÀÚ Áö³½´Ù. She doesn't go out much; she likes to keep herself to herself.

*clubbable Ŭ·´ Ȱµ¿À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â likely to be a popular members of a club

*associate with ¾î¿ï¸®´Ù, »ç±Í´Ù be often in the company of: Á¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¾Öµé°ú »ç±ÍÁö ¸»¾Æ¶ó. Don't associate with dishonest boys.

*sympathetic °ø°¨ÇÏ´Â, µ¿Á¶ÇÏ´Â sharing the feelings of others: °ø°¨Çϴ ûÁß a sympathetic audience

*communal Áý´ÜÀÇ; °øµ¿ÀÇ of or shared by a community: Áý´Ü »ýȰ communal life

*constant °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ continuous; without break; going on all the time: ¿ì¸®´Â »õ Â÷¸¦ °è¼Ó ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. We make constant use of our new car.

*in touch ¿¬¶ôÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â in regular communication with; having information about: ¿¾ Ä£±¸µé°ú ¿¬¶ôÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù keep in touch with old friends

It used to be said that the Englishman's home is his castle. In so far as this saying creates the impression that there is something defensive and inhospitable about the Englishman's home, it is quite misleading; for there is no country where family life has been more readily thrown open to friends, and even to strangers, than England. It represents a certain truth, however, in the sense that the Englishman hates to be interfered with, and prefers to live without too close a contact with his neighbors. He likes to be able to keep himself to himself if he wants to. He is clubbable, but he is not too sociable. That is to say he readily associates with those who are sympathetic to him, but has no love for the kind of communal life which brings him into constant touch with everybody and nobody.

7.11

Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸ÖÂÄÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Æò»ó½Ã¿¡ ¸ðµç Àΰ£Àº µ¿µîÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸»¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. À§ÇèÇÑ ¼ö¼úÀ» ¹ÞÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÇ»ç´Â ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À¸·Î ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °ø¹«¿øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§, ¾Æ¹«¸® ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎ¶óµµ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿µîÇÑ ±¹¹Îµé Áß¿¡¼­ ½ÅÁßÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Æò»ó½Ã¿¡ Àΰ£Àº µ¿µîÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Àΰ£Àº µ¿µîÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϰí ÇൿÇÑ´Ù. ¾î·µç, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °á±¹ °°Àº °ÍÀÎ µ¥, ¿ì¸®´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ µ¿µî¼ºÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÑ´Ù.

*sane Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸»Â¯ÇÑ healthy in mind; not mad: ±×´Â Á¤½ÅÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. He's been certified sane.

*assent µ¿ÀÇ agreement to a suggestion or idea: ¿ì¸®´Â ±¹ÀåÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. We're waiting for the director to give his assent.

*assertion ÁÖÀå strong statement; claim: ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù make an assertion

*undergo (¾î·Á¿òÀ») °Þ´Ù experience; pass through: ŽÇè°¡µéÀº ¸¹Àº °íÃʸ¦ ´çÇß´Ù. The explorers had to undergo much suffering.

*operation ¼ö¼ú act performed by a surgeon on any part of the body: Æíµµ¼± ¼ö¼ú an operation for appendicitis

*require ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Ù need or make necessary: ÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÀº ¸é¹ÐÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. This suggestion will require careful thought.

*subject ½Ã¹Î, ±¹¹Î, ¹é¼º any member of a State except the supreme ruler: ÇÁ¶û½º Å»ýÀ¸·Î È¥ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¿µ±¹ ±¹¹ÎÀÌ µÈ »ç¶÷ French by birth and a British subject by marriage

*at any rate ¾î·µç in any case; whatever happens: ¾î·µç ºñ°¡ ±×Ä¡¸é ¿ÜÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. At any rate we can go out when it stops raining.

That all men are equal is an assertion to which, at ordinary times, no sane human being has ever given his assent. A man who has to undergo a dangerous operation does not act on the supposition that one doctor is just as good as another. And when they require Civil Servants, even the most democratic governments make a careful selection among their theoretically equal subjects. At ordinary times, we are perfectly certain that men are not equal. But when, in a democratic country, we think or act politically we are no less certain that men are equal. Or at any rate¡ªwhich comes to the same thing in practice¡ªwe behave as though we were certain of men's equality.

7.12

°íµîÇб³ ¼ºÀûÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³µ´ø ¼Ò³â, ¼Ò³àµé Áß¿¡ ´ëÇп¡ °¡¼­ ¹«³ÊÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Àº °Í °°´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ °íµîÇб³ ´Ù´Ò ¶§ ¶Ù¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇß´ø Çлýµé Áß ´ëÇÐÀ̶ó´Â º¸´Ù ÁÁÀº ȯ°æ¿¡ ¿Í¼­ Å©°Ô ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ Áý´ÜÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ÁöÀû ¼ºÀåÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿Í ŸÀֿ̹¡ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁöÀû ¹ß´ÞÀº ½ÅüÀû ¼ºÀå°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±ÕÀÏÇÑ ¼Óµµ¶ó±âº¸´Ù ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ºñ¾àÀûÀÎ ´Ü°èµé·Î ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù.

*result ¼ºÀû (a report of) the success or failure of a person, team, organization, etc. in an examination, sports match, etc.: ½ÃÇè °á°ú´Â ¾ðÁ¦ ¹ßÇ¥Çϳª? When will you get your exam results?

*go to pieces ¸ö°ú ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¼è¾àÇØÁö´Ù lose the ability to think or act clearly because of fear, sorrow, etc.: °æÂûÀÇ ¾ï¾Ð ¼ö»ç·Î ½É½ÅÀÌ Çã¾àÇØÁø ±×³à´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÚ¹éÇß´Ù. Under the pressure of police questioning she went to pieces and confessed everything.

*on the one hand¡¦on the other hand, ÇÑÆí¡¦´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆí used to indicate contrasted point of view, arguments: ³» Á÷¾÷ÀÌ ´ë´ÜÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ½Ã°£Àû ¿©À¯´Â ¸¹´Ù. I know this job of mine isn't much, but on the other hand I don't feel tied down.

*distinguished ÇõÇõÇÑ; ¶Ù¾î³­ marked by excellent quality or deserved fame: ±×´Â ¿Ü±³°ü ±Ù¹«¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³­ °æ·ÂÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. He has had a distinguished career in the diplomatic service.

*agreeable ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº pleasing; giving pleasure: ±×³àÀÇ À½¼ºÀº µè±â ÁÁ´Ù. She has an agreeable voice.

*in part ¾à°£; ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î in some degree; partly: ±× »ç°í´Â ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÑ Å¿µµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿îÀÌ ³ª»¦±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. The accident was due in part to carelessness, but mainly to bad luck.

*rate ¼Óµµ a quantity such as value, cost, or speed: ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ¼Óµµ·Î ¿îÀüÇß´Ù. We drove at a steady rate.

*proceed ÁøÇàÇÏ´Ù go forward; go on: ÀçÆÇÀÌ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÌ´Ù. The trial is proceeding.

*jerk ºü¸¥ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ sudden push: ±âÂ÷´Â ¿©·¯ ¹ø ´úÄȰŸ®´Ù ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù. The train stopped with a series of jerks.

*uniform ±ÕÀÏÇÑ the same; not varying in form, quality, etc.: ±æÀ̰¡ °°Àº ¸·´ë±âµé sticks of uniform length

Many boys and girls who achieve brilliant results at school seem to go to pieces when they reach a university and, on the other hand, some pupils with undistinguished school records seem to develop wonderfully on reaching the more agreeable environment of a university. The difference between the two groups may be explained in part by differences in the rate and timing of the candidate's intellectual growth. Intellectual development, like physical growth, proceeds in a series of jerks rather than at a uniform pace.

7.13

¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ´À¸° °Í°ú ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ±íÀÌ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °­ÇÏ°Ô ´À³¤ °ÍµéÀ» ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ°í ¾ËÂ÷°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¾î¸¥ÀÌµç ¾ÆÀ̵ç '´À¸®Áö¸¸ È®½ÇÇÑ' »ç¶÷Àº ´À³¦µéÀÌ È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ½×À̹ǷΠ°æ¼ÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ±í°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ »¡¸® ´ë´äÀ» ¸øÇÏ°í ´À¸®´Ù°í ¾ß´ÜÀ» ¸Â´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº ´ç¸éÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇØ »ý°¢À» Á¤¸®ÇÏÀÚ¸é ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± °æ¿ì ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£Àû ¿©À¯¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ½Å¼ÓÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÅÁßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÆÇ´Ü·ÂÀ» Á¶ÀåÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

*intimate °¡±î¿î close in relationship: ÀýÄ£ÇÑ Ä£±¸µé intimate friends

*substantial ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ of real worth, value, or effect: ±×¿¡°Ô ºÒ¸®ÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ Áõ°Å°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. There was no other substantial evidence against him.

*sink in È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØµÇ´Ù become fully understood: ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀº ³Ê¹«³ª Å« Ãæ°ÝÀ̾ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Àß ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. The news was such a shock, it still hasn't really sunk in yet.

*load Áü weight: ¸¶À½ÀÇ ÁüÀ» ´ú´Ù take a load off one's mind, relieve him of anxiety, etc.

*rebuke ²Ù¢´Ù speak to (someone) severely: ÆÇ»ç´Â Á˼ö ´ë¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æÂûÀ» ÁúŸÇß´Ù. The judge rebuked the police for their treatment of the prisoner.

*take one's time õõÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù be slow; go at one's own speed: õõÈ÷ ÇØ¶ó. Take your time over it, Don't hurry.

*force À§·Â, ¼¼·Â a person, thing, belief, action, etc., that has a strong enough influence to cause widespread changes in a way of living: »ç¾ÇÇÑ ¼¼·ÂµéÀÌ »ç¹æ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®¸¦ °ø°ÝÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. The forces of evil attack us on all sides.

*gather oneself together ¸¶À½ÀÇ Áغñ¸¦ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù brace oneself: ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀ» ´çÇØ ±×´Â ¸¶À½ÀÇ Áغñ¸¦ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ Çß´Ù. He gathered himself for the hard job.

*failure Ÿ¸, ºÒÀÌÇà the non-performance or production of something expected or desired: Ãâ¼®À» Á¡°ËÇϴµ¥ ´ë´äÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ È­°¡ ³ª¼Ì´Ù. My failure to answer the roll call angered the teacher.

*afford ÁÖ´Ù, Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù provide; give: ÇÔ²² Àú³áÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¸Å¿ì ±â»Ú°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you.

*at hand °¡±î¿î near in time or place: ½ÃÇèÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿Ô´Ù. The examinations are at hand.

*snapshot ¾ð¶æ º¸±â; ´ÜÆí brief view; mere segment; something that is very easy to do: ±×³àÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸°í ³ª´Â ±×³àÀÇ Àü¿ø»ýȰÀ» ¿³º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Her letter gives me snapshots of her country life.

*superficial ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ, ±íÀ̰¡ ¾ø´Â not thorough or profound: ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ Áö½Ä»ÓÀÌ´Ù have only a superficial knowledge of a subject

Sometimes slowness and depth of response are intimately connected. Time is required in order to digest impressions, and translate them into substantial ideas. The 'slow but sure' person, whether man or child, is one in whom impressions sink and accumulate, so that thinking is done at a deeper level of value than by those with a lighter load. Many a child is rebuked for slowness, for not answering promptly, when his forces are taking time to gather themselves together to deal effectively with the problem at hand. In such cases, failure to afford time and leisure encourages, if it does not actually create, habits of speedy, but snapshot and superficial, judgment.

Á¦ 8 °ú

8.1

½Å¹®»ç »çÁø±âÀÚÀÎ ³²ÆíÀº ´Ê°Ô ±Í°¡ÇÏ´Â ¶§°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥ ±×¶§¸¶´Ù "ÀÚµ¿Â÷ »ç°í¸¦ Âï¾î¾ß Çß¾î." ¾Æ´Ï¸é "¹Ì½Ä Ã౸°æ±â¸¦ Âï¾î¾ß Çß¾î."¶ó´Â º¯¸íÀ» Çß´Ù. ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ Àá½Ã µé·È´Ù°¡ ³²ÆíÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦Âë ±Í°¡ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ¹«½ÉÄÚ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¿À´ÃÀº ÁÖÁö»ç¸¦ ½î¾Æ¾ß(Âï¾î¾ß) ÇØ¿ä."

*would ¡¦Çϰï Çß´Ù show what always happened: ¿ì¸®´Â ÇÑ »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇϸ鼭 ÇÔ²² Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÀÚÁÖ ¸¶¼Ì´Ù. We used to work in the same office and we would often have coffee together.

*shoot »çÁøÀ» Âï´Ù make (a photograph or film): Ä«¸Þ¶ó°¡ ÀåÁø µÇ¸é °ð ¿µÈ­¸¦ ÂïÀ» °Å´Ù. We'll be ready to shoot as soon as all the cameras are loaded.

*wreck ÇüÆí¾øÀÌ ºÎ¼ÅÁø »óÅ any structure or object reduced to a state of ruin: ±× Â÷´Â ÇüÆí¾øÀÌ ºÎ¼ÅÁ³´Ù. The car is a mere wreck.

*company ¼Õ´Ô(µé) one or more guests: ¾ÈµÅ, ¿À´Ã¹ã¿£ ¿ÜÃâÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¶ó. ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. No, you can't go out tonight; we're expecting company.

*drop Àá±ñ µé¸®´Ù visit unexpectedly or informally: ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ·±´ø¿¡ ¿À¸é Àá±ñ µé¸®°Ô! Drop in and see us when you're next in London!

A newspaper photographer, my husband would often get home late with the excuse "I had to shoot a car wreck," or "I had to shoot a football game." Once, some unexpected company dropped by and asked how late my husband would be. "I don't know," I replied, not intending to shock them. "He has to shoot the governor."

8.2

µ¿·á ÆäÀÎÆ®°ø°ú ÇÔ²² °« ȸĥÀ» ÇÑ º´¿ø º®¿¡ "Ä¥ ÁÖÀÇ"¶ó´Â Ç¥Áö¸¦ ´Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÇÑ °ÇÃà°øÀÌ ¿·À¸·Î ¿Ô´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÈµÆ´Ù´Â µíÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Èçµé¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "ÀÌ º®Àº »õ ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅ͸¦ ´Þ±â À§ÇØ ¿À´Ã ¿ÀÈÄ Çæ±â·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù."

"°ÆÁ¤ ¸¶¼¼¿ä," µ¿·á°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "±×¶§ÂëÀÌ¸é ´Ù ¸¶¸¦ Å״ϱî."

*whitewash ȸĥÀ» ÇÏ´Ù cover with white liquid mixture made from lime: ȸĥÀ» ÇÑ ¿ÀµÎ¸·Áý whitewashed cottages

*buddy ¦²á a companion; partner: ±×´Â ³ªÀÇ Â¦²áÀÌ´Ù. He's my buddy.

As a fellow painter and I were hanging "Wet Paint" signs on a freshly whitewashed hospital wall, a construction worker happened by. Shaking his head, he remarked, "This wall is being torn down this afternoon for the new elevator."

"No problem," my buddy replied. "It'll be dry by then."

8.3

Áý¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀ¯±â°í°¡ÀÎ ³ª´Â ±Û¾²´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϸ鼭 «À» ³»¾î Áý¾È ÀÏÀ» Çϴµ¥ ¶æ´ë·Î ¾ÈµÇ´Â ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ Çб³¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Â µÎ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¿³µé¾ú´Ù. "¹è°íÆÄ Á×°Ú´Ù." ÇÑ ¾Ö°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "Àú³á ½Ä»ç¿¡ ¸ÀÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù."

´Ù¸¥ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "±Û½ê, ¿Àºì¿¡¼­ À½½Ä ³¿»õ°¡ ³ª³Ä ¾Æ´Ï¸é ŸÀÚÄ¡´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé¸®³ª?"

*free-lance ÀÚÀ¯±â°í°¡ a writer or other trained worker who earns their money without being in the regular employment of any particular organization: ÀÚÀ¯±â°í°¡ a free-lance journalist

*squeeze °£½ÅÈ÷ Æ´À» ³»´Ù find space or time for: (º¹ÀâÇÑ ½Â°­±â¿¡) ºñÁý°í µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú³ª? Can you squeeze in?

*assignment ÀÓ¹« a duty or piece of work that is given to a particular person: ±×´Â Áßµ¿¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¶°³µ´Ù. He left for his assignment in the Middle East.

*overhear ¿³µè´Ù hear (what others are saying) without their knowledge and by accident: ³ª´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¿³µé¾ú´Ù. I accidentally overheard what they were saying!

As a free-lance writer working at home, I squeeze in my household chores between assignments¡ªnot always with the best results. For example, there was the day I overheard my sons talking as they came home from school. "I'm starved," said one. "I hope there's something good for dinner."

Replied the other, "Well, do you smell anything in the oven or do you hear the typewriter?"

8.4

¸ð½ºÅ©¹Ù °Å¸®¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ ¿Ü±¹ ¹æ¹®°´¿¡°Ô Æä·¹½ºÆ®·ÎÀÌÄ«ÀÇ ½Ã¹üÀ» º¸À̰í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°Åë µÎ °³¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ Çϳª¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾ø°í, ´Ù¸¥ °Í¿¡´Â °¨ÀÚ°¡ °¡µæ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ÇÑ Åë¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ÅëÀ¸·Î °¨ÀÚµéÀ» ¹ø°¥¾Æ ½ñ¾Æ ºÎÀ¸¸ç ÀڱⰡ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¸Á·Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. "±×·¯³ª ´Þ¶óÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾øÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?" ¹æ¹®°´ÀÌ ¹Ý¹ßÇÑ´Ù.

"¹°·Ð ±×·¡¿ä," ·¯½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷ÀÌ µ¿ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. "±×·¯³ª ¼Ò¸®¸¸Àº ¿ä¶õÇÏÁö¿ä."

*resident ÁֹΠa person who lives in a place: ÀÌ È£ÅÚ¿¡¼­´Â ¼÷¹Ú ¼Õ´Ô¿¡°Ô¸¸ ½Ä»ç¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. This hotel serves meals to residents only.

*perestroika Æä·¹½ºÆ®·ÎÀÌÄ« (¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ½Å °æÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥) the program of economic and political reform in the Soviet Union initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986

*pail (¹° °°Àº ¾×ü¸¦ ´ã´Â) Åë a bucket for carrying liquids: ¿ìÀ¯Åë a milk pail

*object ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Ù feel or show opposition or disapproval: ¸ðµÎ ±¦Âú´Ù¸é â¹®À» ¿­°í ½Í´Ù. I'd like to open the window, if no one objects.

On a Moscow street, a resident demonstrates perestroika to a visitor. He has two pails, one empty and the second full of potatoes. He keeps pouring the potatoes from one pail to the other, very satisfied with what he's doing. "But nothing has changed," the visitor objects.

"Ah, yes," agrees the Russian. "But what a noise it creates."

8.5

¾î´À ³óºÎ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µµ½Ã ±¸°æÀ» ÇÏ°í µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Âµ¥ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ µµ½Ã°¡ ¾î¶®´ÂÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù.

"¸ÚÀÖ¾î," ³²ÆíÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Ä£ÀýÇØ. ¾î´À ³¯ Àú³á '¹ß·¹'¶ó°í ½áÀÖ´Â ±ØÀå¿¡ °¬¾ú´Âµ¥ ¾Æ³»´Â ¾ÉÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÀáÀÌ µé¾ú¾î. 20¸íÂë µÇ´Â ³²³à°¡ ¹«´ë¿¡ ³ª¿Ô´Âµ¥ ¾Æ³»°¡ Àá¿¡¼­ ±úÁö¾Êµµ·Ï ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¹ß³¡À¸·Î ÃãÀ» Ãß´õ±º."

When the farmer and his wife returned home from a visit to the city, their friends asked what they had thought of the place.

"It's beautiful," the man answered, "and the people are very kind. One evening we went to a theater that said, 'ballet,' and we had just sat down when my wife fell asleep. Well, about 20 men and women came out on stage, and so as not to wake her, they all danced on their toes."

8.6

ºñÇà±â ¿©ÇàÀ» Çϴµ¥ 18°³¿ù Â¥¸® ¾Æµé ÁÒ³ª´ÜÀ» µ¥¸®°í °¬´Ù. »ç¾÷»ó ¿©ÇàÀ» ÀÚÁÖ ÇÏ´Â ³ª´Â ¿ÀÀü 7½Ã ºñÇà±â¸¦ ÅÀÀ» ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾ó±¼À» Âô±×¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ³» ¾ÆµéÀÌ ½Ã²ô·´°Ô ±¼Áö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ´ÙÁüÇß´Ù. Ã¥À» ÀоîÁÖ°í, °ÔÀÓµµ ÇØÁָ鼭 °è¼Ó ¾ÆµéÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁýÁß½ÃÄ×´Ù.

ºñÇà±â ¿©ÇàÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ´Ù ³¡³µ°í ÁÒ³ª´ÜÀÌ ¿ïÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚÃàÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ¶§ ÇÑ »ç¾÷°¡°¡ ³ª¸¦ ÇâÇØ ¸»Çß´Ù. "´ç½Å ¾ÆµéÀº ÈǸ¢Çߴµ¥, ´ç½Å ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¥ Áö°æÀ̾ú¼Ò."

*grimace ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À» Áþ´Ù make an expression of pain, annoyance, etc.: ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ³»°¡ ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸°í ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À» Áö¾ú´Ù. The teacher grimaced as he looked at my work.

*board ½Â¼±ÇÏ´Ù get into (a ship or public vehicle); go on board: ³³Ä¡¹üµéÀº ·±´ø¿¡¼­ ºñÇà±â¸¦ ÅÀ´Ù. The hijackers boarded the plane at London Airport.

*vow ¸Í¼¼ÇÏ´Ù declare or swear solemnly: ±×´Â ¾Æ³»ÀÇ ¿¬ÀÎÀ» Á×ÀÌ°Ú´Ù°í ¸Í¼¼Çß´Ù. He vowed to kill his wife's lover.

*constantly ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ; °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î continuously; frequently: ¾ð¾î´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ º¯ÇÑ´Ù. A living language changes constantly.

*occupy ¸ôµÎÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù cause to spend time (doing something); keep busy: ¾ÖµéÀº ÀÌ °ÔÀÓ¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÒ °Å´Ù. This game will keep the children occupied.

On a plane trip, I took along my 18-old son, Jonathan. As a business traveler, I understood the grimacing faces I saw as we boarded the 7 a.m. flight. I vowed that my son wouldn't create a disturbance. I read to him, played games and constantly kept him occupied.

When the flight was almost over and I had just congratulated myself that Jonathan hadn't cried once, one businessman turned to me and said, "Your son has been great, but you are driving me out of my mind."

8.7

Çö´ëÀεéÀº ¾î¶² »ç½ÇÀ» ½±°Ô ¹ÏÀ¸·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 19¼¼±â ¼Ò¼³°¡µéÀº µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô Å͹«´Ï¾ø´Â ¿ì¿¬ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡µéÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϸ鼭 À̾߱âÀÇ °á¸»À» Áþ°ï Çß´Ù. À̸§ ¾ø´Â Çϳడ »ç½ÇÀº ÁÖÀΰøÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿´´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´ø ÇüÀÌ »ç½ÇÀº »ì¾ÆÀÖ¾ú°í ÁÖÀΰøÀ» ¸ê¸Á½ÃŰ·Á´Â »ç¾ÇÇÑ À½¸ð¸¦ ²Ù¹Ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ À̾߱â´Â ¸¹´Ù. Çö´ëÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ±×·± ¼øÁøÇÑ Ã³¸®¸¦ ±×´ë·Î·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦ Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ »óȲµéÀÌ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© 19¼¼±â ¼Ò¼³°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ì¿¬ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡µéÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ¹ú¾îÁø´Ù.

*credulous ½±°Ô ¹Ï´Â ready to believe things: Á¤Ä¡°¡µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾à¼ÓÀ» ½±°Ô ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µé credulous people who accept all the promises of the politicians

*coincidence ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ÀÏÄ¡ event happening at the same time by chance: ³î¶ó¿î ¿ì¿¬ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù! What a coincidence! How curious that these two events should come together!

*wildly ½ÉÇÏ°Ô °úÀåµÈ in an exaggerated way: ½ÉÇÏ°Ô °úÀåµÈ ¼³¸í a wildly exaggerated account

*obscure ¹«¸íÀÇ not well known: ¹«¸í ½ÃÀÎ an obscure poet

*presume °£ÁÖÇÏ´Ù; ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù take for granted; suppose (to be true): ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â À¯Á˰¡ È®Á¤µÉ ¶§±îÁö Çǰí´Â ¹«ÁË·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. In Britain an accused man is presumed (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty.

*plot À½¸ð¸¦ ²Ù¹Ì´Ù make secret plans: ´©±º°¡¿Í ¹ÝÁ¤ºÎ À½¸ð¸¦ ²Ù¹Ì´Ù plot with somebody against the government

*bring about ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù; ¾ß±â½ÃŰ´Ù cause to happen: ±×ÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù bring about his ruin

*downfall ¸ê¸Á; ÆÄ¸ê ruin; fall from fortune or power: ±×´Â µµ¹Ú°ú ¼ú·Î ÆÄ¸êÇß´Ù. His downfall was caused by gambling and drink.

*naive ¼øÁøÇÑ; ´Ü¼øÇÑ natural and innocent in speech and behavior; amusingly simple: ¼øÁøÇÑ °ü±¤°´µé naive tourists

*conspire ¸ðÀÇÇÏ´Ù; ÇÕ¼¼ÇÏ´Ù act together; combine: ±×ÀÇ ÆÄ¸êÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁØ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ »ç°Çµé events that conspire to bring down to his downfall

*incredible ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â that cannot be believed; difficult to believe: ¹Ï±â ¾î·Á¿î »ý°¢ an incredible idea

We are less credulous than we were. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences¡ªmost of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really the hero's mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.

8.8

¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô ³ª¸¦ ¶ß°Ì°Ô »ç¶ûÇßÁö¸¸, ±×³à´Â ¼º°ÝÀÌ ±ÞÇß°í ¾ÖÁ¤À» ¾ò´Âµ¥ ¿µ¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§ ±â¾ïÀ¸·Î ±×³à´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ü°í ÀçÁÖµµ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ³ª´Â ÀÌ ¼¼»ó ¾î´À ´©±¸º¸´Ù ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¦ »ç¶ûÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶ûÀº »ó´ëÀûÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀ̰¡ µé¾úÀ» ¶§ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ´«¹°À» È긮¸ç ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁúÅõ¸¦ Çß´ÂÁö ¸»ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ²Ù¢´Â ÀÏÀ» ¸ðµÎ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¸Ã±èÀ¸·Î¼­ ³ªÀÇ ¾ÖÁ¤À» µ¶Â÷ÁöÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Ä¡»çÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

*no less than ¡¦¸¸Å­ just as¡¦as: ±×³à´Â ¾ð´Ï¸¸Å­ ¾Æ¸§´ä´Ù. She is no less beautiful than her elder sister.

*ardent ¿­·ÄÇÑ strongly felt; strongly active; eager: ±×´Â ¿ì¸® ÆÀÀÇ ¿­·ÄÇÑ Áö¿øÀÚÀÌ´Ù. He is an ardent supporter of our team.

*temper ±âÁú, ¼ºÁú condition of the mind and emotions: È­°¡ ³­ in a bad temper, angry, impatient

*win ¾ò´Ù gain by effort or ability: ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾Ö½áµµ ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸°¡ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. I can't win his friendship, though I've tried.

*comely º¸±â ÁÁÀº pleasant to look at: º¸±â ÁÁÀº ÀþÀº ¿©ÀÎ a comely young woman

*accomplished ÀçÁÖ°¡ ¸¹Àº clever; skilled; well trained or educated in such social arts as conversation, art and music: ÀçÁÖ°¡ ¸¹Àº ÀþÀº ¼÷³à an accomplished young lady

*after-life Èijâ; ³ªÀ̰¡ µé¾úÀ» ¶§ the later part of a person's life: Èij⿡ ±×´Â ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. In after-life he became a teacher.

*bear ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ °£Á÷ÇÏ´Ù have in the heart or mind: ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×³àÀÇ »ç¶û the love she bore him

*mean Ä¡»çÇÑ unworthy; discreditable: º¹¼þ¾Æ¸¦ È¥ÀÚ ´Ù ¸Ô´Ù´Ï Ä¡»çÇÏ´Ù. It was mean of you. to eat all the peaches!

*entrust ¸Ã±â´Ù trust somebody to complete or safeguard something: ±× ÀÏÀ» ³×°Ô ¸Ã°Üµµ µÉ±î? Can I entrust the task to you/entrust you with the task?

*due Àû´çÇÑ suitable; right; proper: ÃæºÐÈ÷ »ý°¢ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ after due consideration

My mother loved me no less ardently than my father, but she was of a quicker temper, and less clever at winning affection. She was comely when I first remembered her, she was also accomplished. Had I not known my father, I love her better than anyone in the world, but affection goes by comparison; indeed in after-life I remember my mother's telling me, with many tears, how jealous she had often been of the love I bore him. She would say how mean she had thought it of him to entrust all scoldings to her, so that he might have more than his due share of my affection.

8.9

âÀÛ È°µ¿ÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ Æ¯Â¡À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ °Í Áß Çϳª´Â Àϰú ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¶§¿¡, ¿îµ¿À» Çϰųª ³î°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ø°£¿¡ ¿µ°¨ÀÌ ¹ø¶àÀδٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

À§´ëÇÑ À½¾Ç°¡ ÇÏÀ̵çÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "ÀÏÀÌ Àß ÁøÃ´µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§, ±³È¸¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼­ ±âµµ¸¦ Çϸé Áï½Ã ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î°¡ ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù." ÇØ¹ÐÅæÃ³·³ »êÃ¥À» ÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î°¡ ¶°¿À¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ¸¹´Ù.

âÀÛ¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¶°¿À¸£´Â ±ÍÁßÇÑ »ý°¢À» ÀÒÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ ¾îµð¸¦ °¡µç ¸Þ¸ðÁö¸¦ ÈÞ´ëÇÏ°í ´Ù´Ï´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù.

*process °úÁ¤ continued set of actions performed intentionally to reach some result: Àб⸦ ¹è¿ì´Â °úÁ¤ the process of learning to read

*striking ³î¶ó¿î; ´ë´ÜÇÑ attracting attention; arousing great interest: ´ë´ÜÇÑ »ý°¢ a striking idea

*feature ƯÁý; Ư»ö characteristic or striking part: Á¤Ä¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÀÇ Æ¯»öµé unusual features in a political program

*occurrence »ç°Ç happening; event: ºÒÇàÇÑ »ç°Ç an unfortunate occurrence

*flash ¼¶±¤; ¹ø¶àÀÌ´Â ºû sudden burst of light: ¹ø¶àÀÌ´Â ±âÁö a flash of wit

*insight ÅëÂû understanding; power of seeing into something with the mind: Àΰ£¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Ù show insight into human character

*odd ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ not regular, habitual, or fixed; occasional: ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ¶§¿¡ at odd times/moments

*relaxation ¿À¶ô; Ãë¹Ì recreation: ³¬½ÃÁú°ú µî»êÀº ±×°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Ãë¹ÌÀÌ´Ù. Fishing and mountain-climbing are his favorite relaxations.

*phenomenon Çö»ó thing that appears to: ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»ó the phenomena of nature

*retire ÀáÀÚ¸®¿¡ µé´Ù withdraw; go away: ±×´Â ÀáÀÚ¸®¿¡ µé¾ú´Ù. He retired to his bedroom.

*scrap Âɰ¡¸® small (usually unwanted) piece: Á¾ÀÌ Âɰ¡¸®µé scraps of paper

*revelation °è½Ã making known of something secret or hidden: °è½Ã¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­¸¸ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áø½Çµé truths which man knows only by revelation

The processes of creative activity display several striking features. One of the most frequent is the occurrence of flashes of insight outside the hours of regular work, during periods of physical activity or at odd moments of relaxation. So familiar is this phenomenon that many have taken advantage of it.

Haydn, the great musician, says, "When my work does not advance, I retire into the chapel and say a prayer; immediately ideas come to me." Many, like Hamilton, have found that walking encourages the appearance of ideas.

Many persons devoted to creative work have carried scraps of paper with them everywhere so that nothing of the precious flashes of revelation may be lost.

8.10

¾ÆÁÖ ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§ ³ª´Â È¥ÀÚ ¿©±âÀú±â µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç Áñ±â´Â ¹ö¸©ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö º¸·¯ ³ª¿Ô´Ù°¡ ³»°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ³ª¸¦ ºÎ¸£¸ç ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù ³»°¡ ½£ ¼Ó ¾î´À °÷¿¡ È¥ÀÚ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϽðï Çß´Ù. ÀÌ°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¹«Ã´ °ÆÁ¤Çϼ̴Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»°¡ ½£ ¼Ó¿¡ °¡´Â °ÍÀº ±×³à°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿±â Áï ³»°¡ »ý¹°µéÀ» º¸·Á´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇÀÚ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¾È½ÉÇÏ°í ±â»µÇϼ̴Ù. ¾î¸Ó´Ïµµ »ý¹°µéÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϼ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ °ÆÁ¤Çß´ø °Íó·³ ³»°¡ ¹ÌÄ£ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ¸Å¿ì ¸¸Á·Çϼ̴Ù.

*acquire gain by skill or ability, by one's own efforts or behavior: ¸¹Àº ¿µ¾î Áö½ÄÀ» üµæÇÏ´Ù acquire a good knowledge of English

*about À̸®Àú¸® here and there, in no particular direction: ¾ÖµéÀÌ À̸®Àú¸® ¶Ù¾î´Ù´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. The children were rushing about.

*miss ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ù fail to see: ±× ÁýÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø ¸ðÅüÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ã±â ½±´Ù. The house is at the next corner; you can't miss it.

*distress ½½ÇÁ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù cause great pain, discomfort or sorrow: ½½ÆÛÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¶ó. Don't distress yourself, Don't get worried.

*queer in the head ¾à°£ ¹ÌÄ£ slightly mad: ±×³à´Â ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¾à°£ ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù. She's a bit queer in the head.

Very early in my boyhood I had acquired the habit of going about alone to amuse myself in my own way. My mother would miss me when looking out to see what the children were doing, and I would be called and searched for, to be found hidden away somewhere in the wood. This distressed her very much; then to her relief and joy she discovered that I was there with a motive which she could understand: that I was watching some living things. And as she loved all living things herself, she was quite satisfied that I was not going queer in my head, for that was what she had been fearing.

8.11

ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé¾î º¸·Á´Â ¿­Àǰ¡ Ä¿Áö¸é¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ú ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µå´Â ¹ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ÃâÆÇ¹°ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î¶² ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¹«ÁöÇÏ´Ù´Â Çΰè´Â ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀûÇÕÇÑ µµ±¸¿Í Àç·á¸¦ °¡Áö°í ½ÅÈ¥ºÎºÎµéÀº Áñ°Ì°Ô Áý ²Ù¹Ì´Â ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ³ªÀ̿ʹ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ³­¹æ½Ã¼³À» ¼³Ä¡Çϰųª, Á¤¿øÀ» ²Ù¹Ì°Å³ª, Â÷°í¸¦ Áþ°Å³ª °¡±¸¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ìÀ½±â³ª ¶óµð¿À¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÑ´Ù. »óÁ¡µéÀº Á÷Á¢ ÇØº¸´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ Ãʺ¸ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Æ¯º° ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô Áý¿¡¼­ Á¶¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºÎǰ ¼¼Æ®¸¦ ÆÇ¸ÅÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº âÀÛ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹èÃⱸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ ¼±ÃµÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÕÀçÁÖ°¡ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

*plead º¯¸í°Å¸®·Î »ï´Ù offer as an explanation or excuse: ±×³à´Â ¹ýÀ» ¸ô¶ú´Ù´Â º¯¸íÀ» Çß´Ù. She pleaded ignorance of the law.

*publication ÃâÆÇ¹° something published, such as a book or a periodical

*armed with ¡¦À» ÁغñÇÏ°í¼­ having or using: ±×³à´Â ±×³àÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» Áõ¸íÇØÁÙ »ç½Ç°ú ¼öÄ¡µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü°¡Çß´Ù. She came to the meeting armed with all the facts and figures to prove her case.

*gaily À¯ÄèÇÏ°Ô merrily, cheerfully: ±×µéÀº °è¼Ó ½Å³ª°Ô À̾߱âÇß´Ù. They gaily went on talking.

*embark on ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù start; take part in: »õ·Î¿î »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù embark on a new business undertaking

*install ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Ù, °¡¼³ÇÏ´Ù place, fix (apparatus) in position for use: ³­¹æÀ̳ª Á¶¸í ½Ã¼³À» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Ù install a heating or lighting system

*lay out Â¥´Ù; ¼³°èÇÏ´Ù make a plan for; arrange: ¼³°è°¡ ÀßµÈ °Å¸® well laid-out streets and avenues

*keen °­ÇÑ strong; deep: ±×´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÏ¿¡ °­ÇÑ Èï¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. He has a keen interest in his work.

*enthusiast ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷ person filled with enthusiasm: ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ ±¤ a sports enthusiast

*transmit ¼Û½ÅÇÏ´Ù send on: ¹«¼±À¸·Î ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇÏ´Ù transmit a message by radio

*craze ¿­ÀÇ, ¿­¼º enthusiastic interest: ºù°í °ÔÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çö´ëÀÎÀÇ ¿­¼º the modern craze for bingo

*cater °ø±ÞÇØÁÖ´Ù supply what is required: Ÿºí·ÎÀ̵åÆÇ ½Å¹®Àº Àú¼ÓÇÑ ÀÐÀ»°Å¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁØ´Ù. Some tabloid newspapers cater to low tastes.

*novice Ãʺ¸ÀÚ person who is still learning and who is without experience: ½ºÄÉÀÌÆ®ÀÇ Ãʺ¸ÀÚ a novice at skiing

*bits and pieces ¼Òǰ small things of various kinds: ³ªÀÇ ¼ÒǰµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æº¸ÀÚ. Let me get my bits and pieces together.

*outlet ¹èÃⱸ a way through which something may go out: ±×°¡ °¨Á¤À» ¹èÃâÇÏ´Â ¾È ¹æ¹ý an outlet for his feelings

*pent-up ¾ï¾ÐµÈ repressed: ¾ï¾ÐµÈ °¨Á¤/ºÐ³ë pent-up feelings/fury

*handyman ¼ÕÀçÁÖ°¡ ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷ person clever at doing odd jobs of various kinds: ³ªÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â Áý¾È ÀÏÀ» ÀßÇÑ´Ù. My wife's the handyman in our family.

So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications. Armed with the right tools and materials, newly-weds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes. Men of all ages spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own record players and radio transmitters. Shops cater to the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet to pent-up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.

8.12

±×´Â ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ÈûÀ¸·Î °¡³­¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª 43¼¼·Î Á×±â Àü±îÁö ³ôÀº ÁöÀ§¸¦ ¸Ã¾ÒÁö¸¸ À̰ÍÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ¼º°øÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °¡³­ÇÑ ¼Ò³âµéÀÌ °¡Á³´ø ¾ß½É°ú´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Â °Í °°´Ù. ³»°¡ ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ°Ç´ë ±×´Â ´©±¸ º¸´Ùµµ Æò¹üÇÑ ÀǹÌÀÇ ¾ß½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×°¡ ½ÂÁøÀ» °ÅµìÇÑ °ÍÀº °í¿ëÁֵ鿡°Ô Àß º¸ÀÌ·Á°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Ö¾´ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °í¿ëÁÖ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ½ÂÁøÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â âÀÇ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À̾ú°í, ¼Ò½Å²¯ »ê »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀºÀï¹Ý¿¡ ±Ýȭó·³ º¸Åë »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ µ¸º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¸Àç¿´´Ù.

*fancy »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù think: Àü¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù. I fancy I have met you before.

*afterwards ³ªÁß¿¡ later; after that: ±×ÈÄ ±×µéÀº ³»³» ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Ò´Ù. They lived happily ever afterwards.

*eminence µÎ°¢; ³ôÀº À§Ä¡ the quality of being famous and of a high rank: È­°¡·Î¼­ µÎ°¢À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù win eminence as a painter

*free from ¡¦¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ without: ±× ´ÄÀº ºÎÀÎÀº Ç×»ó ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù. The old lady is never free from pain.

*in so far as ¡¦ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ to the degree that: »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. In so far as we can believe these facts we will use them.

*thrust °©Àڱ⠹д٠push suddenly: ±×´Â °©Àڱ⠼öÀÔÀÌ ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÚ¸®·Î ¿Å°Ü°¬´Ù. He has himself into a well-paid position.

*promote ½ÂÁøÇÏ´Ù advance someone in position or rank: ÀþÀº Àå±³´Â ´ëÀ§·Î ½ÂÁøÇß´Ù. The young army officer was promoted captain.

*conspicuous µ¸º¸ÀÌ´Â remarkable; attracting attention: ¿ë°¨¼ºÀÌ µ¸º¸ÀÌ´Â conspicuous for his bravery

*no more¡¦than ¡¦¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¡¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ in no great degree¡¦than: ±×´Â ±¹¹ÎÇлý¸¸Å­À̳ª Àå°üÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. He's no more fit to be a minister than a schoolboy would be.

If he himself rose out of poverty, and filled a great position before he died at the age of forty-three, this was not, I fancy, due to that ambition to which most poor boys who afterwards achieve eminence owe their success. He was, so far as I could judge, as free from ambition in the ordinary sense of the word as any man who ever lived. If he rose from position to position, it was not because he thrust himself on the attention of his employers, but because his employers insisted on promoting him. He was naturally a man of creative energy, a man who lived by his imagination, and could no more help being conspicuous among ordinary human beings than a gold coin in a plate of silver.

8.13

Áö³­ ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È °æÁ¦ »çÁ¤ÀÌ ºÒÅõ¸íÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ³ë»ç ´ëÇ¥µéÀº ³ëµ¿ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á´Â ¸¹Àº ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ¸ð»öÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ȸ»ç°¡ ȣȲÀ» ¸Â¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³ª´©¾î ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÇß´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ Ãø ´ëÇ¥µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. "ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³ª´©¾î µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ¿ì¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² ³ª´«´Ù¸é." ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº °æ±â°¡ ³ª»¦À» ¶§ ±Þ·á¿Í ÇýÅÃÀÌ »è°¨µÇ´Â À§Çè ºÎ´ãÀ» °¨¼öÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ Á÷ÀåÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÇýÅõ麸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×µéÀº ¼ÕÀÍÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ÇÔ²² ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

*trade-union ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ organized association of workers, formed to protect their interests, improve their conditions

*management °æ¿µÀÚÃø; ȸ»çÃø all those concerned in managing an industry, enterprise: ±Ù·ÎÀÚÃø°ú °æ¿µÀÚÃø ¿¬¼® ȸÀÇ joint consultation between workers and management

*explore ¸ð»öÇÏ´Ù examine thoroughly in order to learn about: °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ´Ù explore possibilities

*handle ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù manage; deal with; control: ±× »óȲÀ» ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ï? Can you handle the situation?

*chance ¸ðÇè a risk: ÇÑ ¹ø ÇØºÁ¾ß°Ú´Ù. That's a chance I'll have to take!

*in effect »ç½Ç»ó in fact; really: ³ÊÀÇ ´ë´äÀº »ç½Ç»ó ¿ë¼­¸¦ ºñ´Â °Å´Ù. Your reply is, in effect, an apology.

*at the cost of ¡¦À» Èñ»ýÇÏ¿© at the loss or expense of: ±×´Â ¹°¿¡ ºüÁø ¾ÆµéÀ» ±¸ÇßÁö¸¸ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» Èñ»ýÇß´Ù. He saved his son from drowning, but at the cost of his own life.

The uncertain economic conditions of recent years have caused union and management representatives to explore many ways of handling labor problems. Workers have always wanted to share in the profits when the company has good times. Now management representatives are saying, "Fine. We'll share the profits with you¡ªif you'll share the losses with us." Workers are having to decide whether they are willing to take the chance of salary and benefit cuts in bad times. They are having to decide whether job security is more important than other benefits. In effect, they are having to decide whether they are willing and able to pay the cost of sharing.

Á¦ 9 °ú

9.1

3¸íÀÇ º¯È£»ç°¡ °°ÀÌ ÀÏÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â °Ç¹°¿¡ ÀÔÁÖÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àü¹®Á÷ »ç¶÷µé°ú ÁÖ¹æÀ» ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. µüÇϰԵµ ³ÃÀå°í¿¡ ³Ö¾îµÐ À½½ÄÀÌ ±Ý»õ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù.

¾î´À ±Ý¿äÀÏ ¾î¶² º¯È£»ç¿¡°Ô Ä¥¸éÁ¶ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®°¡ ¹è´ÞµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¿¡¾ß µ¹¾Æ¿À±â·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾ø¾îÁö´Â ºÒ»ó»ç¸¦ ¸·±â À§ÇØ ³ª´Â Ä¥¸éÁ¶¿¡ °æ°í ÂÊÁö¸¦ ºÙ¿© ³õ¾Ò´Ù.

¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡ ³ÃÀå°í¸¦ ¿­¾îº¸´Ï Ä¥¸éÁ¶´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÂÊÁö¿Í ÇÔ²² ±×´ë·Î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "»ìÀÎ »ç°Ç ÀçÆÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ Áõ°Å¹°ÀÌ´Ï °Çµå¸®Áö ¸» °Í!"

*attorney º¯È£»ç a lawyer: ±×³à´Â º¯È£»ç¸¦ ¸¸³ª À̾߱âÇÒ ¶§±îÁö Áø¼úÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇß´Ù. She refused to make a statement until she had spoken to her attorney.

*deliver ¹è´ÞÇÏ´Ù take (letters, parcels, goods, etc.) to houses, to the person(s) to whom they are addressed: ¿ìüºÎ´Â ÆíÁö³ª ¼ÒÆ÷¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϵµ·Ï °í¿ëµÈ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. A postman is a man employed to deliver letters and parcels.

*chance ¸ðÇè a risk or hazard: ¸ðÇèÀ» ÇØºÁ¶ó. Take a chance.

*trial ÀçÆÇ hearing and judging a person, case, or point of law in a court: »ìÀÎ »ç°ÇÀÇ ÀçÆÇÀº 6ÁÖ³ª °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. The murder trial lasted six weeks.

When I worked for a trio of attorneys, we shared a kitchen with several other professionals in the building. Unfortunately, any food placed in the refrigerator soon disappeared.

One Friday a turkey was delivered for an attorney who was not expected back until the following week. Not taking any chances, I attached a warning note to the bird.

When I opened the refrigerator on Monday, the turkey was still there along with my message: "Do Not Touch¡ªEvidence in a Murder Trial!"

9.2

¸î ¸íÀÇ ¾÷°è »ç¶÷µé°ú ÇÔ²² Å« È£ÅÚ¿¡¼­ ¿­¸®´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼¼¹Ì³ª¿¡ Âü¼®Çß´Ù. È£ÅÚ ·Îºñ¿¡´Â Ưº°ÇÑ Çà»çµéÀ» ³ª¿­ÇÑ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½ºÅ©¸°ÀÌ µ¸º¸¿´´Ù. ȸÀÇ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ ¹öưÀ» ´­·¯º¸´Ï "°Ô½ÃÆÇ¿¡ ³ëÆ®¸¦ º¸½Ã¿À"¶ó´Â °ÅâÇÑ ´ë´ä»ÓÀ̾ ¹«»öÇØÁ³´Ù.

*associate µ¿·á; µ¿¾÷ÀÚ a person connected with another, especially in work; partner: ±×´Â Ä£±¸°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¾÷»ó ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. He's not a friend; he's a business associate.

*feature ƯÁýÀ¸·Î ³»´Ù make a feature of; give prominence to: 1¸éÀÇ Æ¯ÁýÀº ºñÇà±â »ç°í¿´´Ù. The front page featured an air disaster.

*chagrin ¾ï¿ïÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù; ºÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù; ½Ç¸Á½ÃŰ´Ù disappoint greatly: ±×°¡ ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µéÀ¸¸é Å©°Ô ½Ç¸ÁÇÒ °Å´Ù. He may be chagrined to hear that.

*state-of-the-art ÃÖ÷´ÜÀÇ using the most modern and recently-developed methods, materials, or knowledge: ÃÖ÷´Ü ±â¼ú state-of-the-art technology

A few business associates and I attended a computer-software seminar at a large hotel. The lobby featured a computerized display screen listing special events. We pressed several buttons to find our meeting location, but were chagrined to read the state-of-the-art answer: "See note on bulletin board."

9.3

ºÒÀº µéÆÇÀ» ÈÛ¾µ°í ³óºÎÀÇ Çê°£À» Àí´õ¹Ì·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ³óºÎ°¡ ÆóÇ㸦 »ìÇǰí ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»´Â º¸Çèȸ»ç¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾î Çê°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸Çè±Ý 50,000´Þ·¯¸¦ ¼öÇ¥·Î º¸³»´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇß´Ù.

"ÀúÈñ´Â µ·À» º¸³»Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù," ȸ»çÁ÷¿øÀÌ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. "Çê°£°ú ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¸ðµç Àåºñ¸¦ ´ëÃ¼ÇØ µå¸³´Ï´Ù."

"±×·¸´Ù¸é," ³óºÎÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "³²Æí¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÇèÀ» Ãë¼Ò½ÃŰ½Ã¿À."

*plain Æò¿ø; Æò¾ß area of level country: Ä«³ª´ÙÀÇ µå³ÐÀº Æò¿ø the wide plains of Canada

*barn Çê°£ a farm building for storing crops and food for animals, or for keeping animals in

*survey ¹Ù¶óº¸´Ù; µÑ·¯º¸´Ù look at, examine, or consider (something) as a whole: ±×´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©¸§ dz°æÀ» ³»·Á´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù. He surveyed the beautiful summer landscape below him.

*wreckage ÀÜÇØ the broken parts of a destroying thing: ºñÇà±âÀÇ ÀÜÇØ°¡ 5¸¶ÀÏ Áö¿ª¿¡ Èð¾îÁ³´Ù. The wreckage of the aircraft was spread over a five-mile area.

*replace ¹Ù²Ù´Ù, ±³Ã¼ÇÏ´Ù change (one person or thing) for another, often better, newer, etc.: ¿ì¸®´Â ³°Àº °è»ê±â¸¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î ±³Ã¼Çß´Ù. We'd replaced the old adding machine with/by a computer.

*policy º¸ÇèÁõ¼­ written statement of the terms of a contract of insurance: È­Àç º¸ÇèÁõ¼­ a fire-insurance policy

Fire swept the plains and burned down the farmer's barn. While he surveyed the wreckage, his wife called their insurance company and asked them to send a check for $50,000, the amount of insurance on the barn.

"We don't give you the money," a company official explained. "We replace the barn and all the equipment in it."

"In that case," replied the wife, "cancel the policy I have on my husband."

9.4

³ë¹Ù ½ºÄÚÆ¼¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¿©¸§À» º¸³»°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ "¹Ð·¯"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ³ª¹æÀ̵éÀÌ ¹Û¿¡ ÄѳõÀº ºÒ ÁÖÀ§·Î ¸ô·Áµé¾ú´Ù. ¾î´À ÁÖ¸» º°Àå¿¡ ÀÖ´ø Ä£±¸ Å×·¹»ç¿Í ³ª´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ µé¿©º¸³½ ¼ö¸¹Àº ³ª¹æÀÌµé ¶§¹®¿¡ Â¥ÁõÀ» ³»°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

³²ÆíµéÀÇ ¹ßÀÚ±¹ ¼Ò¸®°¡ Çö°ü¿¡¼­ µé·ÈÀ» ¶§, Å×·¹»ç´Â ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "»¡¸® µé¾î¿Í¼­ ¹®À» ´Ý¾Æ¿ä. ¸ÁÇÒ ³ðÀÇ ¹Ð·¯µéÀÌ µé¾î¿À¸é ³»ÂÑÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾î¿ä."

±×³à°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£ ³²ÆíµéÀÌ µé¾î¿Ô°í Àü¿¡ º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³× »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÚµû¶ó µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¾î»öÇÑ Ä§¹¬ÀÌ È帣´Ù°¡ ¹æ¹®°´ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "³Ê¹« ´Ê¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸° ÀÌ¹Ì µé¾î¿Ô´Â °É¿ä."

Å×·¹»ç´Â ºÎ¸£½º ¹Ð·¯, ±×ÀÇ µ¿»ý ¸® ¹Ð·¯, ºÎ¸£½ºÀÇ ÀǺ׵þ µ¥´Ï½º ±×¸®°í ±×³àÀÇ ¾àÈ¥ÀÚ, ¿þÀÎ ¹Ð·¯¿Í Àλ縦 ³ª´©¾ú´Ù.

*moth ³ª¹æÀÌ an insect related to the butterfly but usually not so brightly colored, that flies mainly at night and is attracted by lights

*cluster ¿Ë±âÁ¾±â ¸ð¿©µé´Ù gather or grow in one or more group: »ç¶÷µéÀº ÃßÀ§¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ¿Ë±âÁ¾±â ¸ð¿©µé¾ú´Ù. The men clustered together for warmth.

*cottage ¿©¸§ º°Àå house at a summer resort

*darn ¿¡³¢, ºô¾î¸ÔÀ» damn: ºô¾î¸ÔÀ» ¹Ùº¸ a darn fool

*fiancé ¾àÈ¥ÀÚ, °áÈ¥À» ¾à¼ÓÇÑ ³²ÀÚ the person one is going to marry: ±×´Â Á¶¿î½º¾çÀÇ ¾àÈ¥ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. He's the fiancé of Miss Jones.

During the summer in Nova Sotia, moths known locally as "millers" cluster around outdoor lights. At my cottage one weekend, my friend Theresa and I were becoming annoyed at the number of insects the kids were letting inside.

When we heard our husbands' footsteps on the porch, Theresa called out sharply: "Get in quick and close the door! Those darn millers will come in, and we won't be able to get rid of them."

As she spoke, our husbands entered, followed by four people she had never met. There was an awkward silence until one of the visitors exclaimed, "Too late! We're already in."

Theresa was introduced to Bruce Miller, his brother Lee, Bruce's stepdaughter, Denice, and her fiancé, Wayne Miller.

9.5

½Ãû Àϲ۵éÀÌ ¿ì¸® µ¿³× µµ·Î¿¡ Â÷·® °¨¼Ó ½Ã¼³À» ¿©·¯ °³ ¼³Ä¡Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÇÑ ±ä ±æ°¡¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼¼¿ìÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ½Ãû Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´õ´Ï, ±×´Â ±æ°¡ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ ´ëÇб³¸¦ °¡¸®Å°¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "Àú°ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °¨¼Ó ½Ã¼³ÀÔ´Ï´Ù." °ú¿¬ ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀº ÇлýµéÀ» º¸±â À§ÇØ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ´ÊÃß°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

*municipal ÀÚÄ¡ µµ½ÃÀÇ concerning a town, city, etc., under its own government: ½Ãû û»ç municipal buildings

*stretch »¸Ä§ a level area or section of land or water: µµ·ÎÀÇ ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ »ç°í°¡ Àæ´Ù. You get a lot of accidents on this stretch of road.

Although municipal workers were building a number of speed breakers on our neighborhood roads, nothing was being constructed on one long straight stretch. When I asked a municipal official the reason, he pointed to a girl's college alongside. "That's the best speed breaker!" he said. And, sure enough, drivers were slowing down to watch the students.

9.6

³ªÀÇ ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï ÀڸŠºÐÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¸»À» ÀßÇߴµ¥ ƯÈ÷ µÎ ºÐÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×·¯Çß´Ù. ¾ðÁ¨°¡ Áý¾È¿¡ Å« ¸¸ÂùÀ» ³¡³»°í µÎ ºÐÀº Á¢½Ã¸¦ ´ÛÀ¸¸ç Àâ´ãÀ» ³ª´©°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Á¢½ÃµéÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ ´ÛÀº ÈÄ, Èķνà ¾ÆÁָӴϰ¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "¾îÀÌÄí, µµ´ëü Á¢½Ã°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹¾Æ¿ä?"

"Çϳª »ÓÀ̾ß. ¿Ö ±×·¡?" ÇҸӴϰ¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

µÎ ºÐÀº À̾߱⿡ ³Ê¹« ¸ôµÎÇØ¼­ Èķνà ¾ÆÁָӴϰ¡ ±ú²ýÇÑ Á¢½Ã¸¦ Ä«¿îÅÍ¿¡ ³õÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù½Ã Áý¾î ´Û¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*at a loss ¾îÂîÇÒ ¹Ù¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â uncertain what to do, think or say; confused: ±×³à°¡ ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇßÀ» ¶§ ³ª´Â ÇÒ¸»À» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. I was at a loss for word when she told me the news.

*get together ¸ðÀÌ´Ù; ¸¸³ª´Ù come or meet together: ÇÏ·ç Àú³á ¸¸³ª¼­ ȸÆ÷³ª Ç®ÀÚ. Let's get together one evening and talk about old times.

*animated Ȱ¹ßÇÑ full of spirit and excitement; lively: Ȱ¹ßÇÑ ³íÀï an animated argument

*platter Å« Á¢½Ã a large plate

*wrapped up Ȧµü ¹ÝÇÑ giving all one's love or attention to: ±×³à´Â ±×¿¡°Ô Ȧµü ¹ÝÇØ¼­ ±×ÀÇ °áÁ¡À» º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. She's so wrapped up in him she can't see his faults.

My grandmother and her sister were never at a loss for words, especially when they got together. Once they were doing the dishes after a big family dinner, chatting animatedly. After drying what seemed like an overabundance of the platters, Aunt Flossie remarked, "Gosh, Pearl, how many of these platters do you have?"

"Just one," Grandma said, "Why?"

They discovered they had been so wrapped up in their talk that every time Aunt Flossie put the clean platter on the counter, Grandma picked it up and washed it again.

9.7

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àεð¾ð ºÎ³àµéÀÌ Àεð¾ðÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ ¹Ù±¸´Ï ¸¸µå´Â ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡±â·Î Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ °áÁ¤Àº Àεð¾ð º¸È£ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀǸ¦ ÀÏÀ¸Ä״µ¥ ±â´ÉÀεéÀÌ ¿¹·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀüÇØÁ® ¿Â ÀüÅë °ø¿¹¸¦ °ÅÁ® ÁÖ¾î¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÇÑ ¼÷·ÃµÈ ¹Ù±¸´Ï Á¦Á¶°øÀº ÀüÇô °Ì³»Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. "¹Ù±¸´Ï´Â ´©±¸³ª ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¦´ë·Î ¸¸µéÀÚ¸é ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 10½Ã°£¾¿ 30³âÀÌ °É¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù."

*hold ½Ç½ÃÇÏ´Ù; ÇàÇÏ´Ù have; conduct; cause to take place: ¿ì¸®´Â 4, 5³â¸¶´Ù ÃѼ±°Å¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ´Ù. We hold a General Election every four or five years.

*stir ¼Ò¿ä; ¹°ÀÇ; ÆÄ¹® public excitement: ±×ÀÇ »çÀÓÀº Ä¿´Ù¶õ ÆÄ¹®À» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù. His resignation caused quite a stir.

*reservation (¹Ì±¹ Àεð¾ðµéÀÇ) º¸È£Áö¿ª a piece of land set apart for American Indians to live in

*give away ¹Ð°íÇÏ´Ù give information about; tell (a secret): ¹«¸® Áß¿¡ ´©±º°¡°¡ ±×µé °æÂû¿¡ ¹Ð°íÇß´Ù. Someone in the gang gave him away to the police.

Several American Indian women were to hold basket-making classes for non-Indians. Their decision to do so caused quite a stir at the reservation, where some feared that the craftspeople would be giving away an ancient tradition.

But one experienced basket maker felt not at all threatened. "Anyone can learn to make baskets," she declared. "To make them right, she'll have to practice ten hours a day for 30 years!"

9.8

³²Àº ¿©»ýÀ» °ÆÁ¤¸¸ Çϸ鼭 º¸³¾ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×·¸´Ù°í ÁÁ¾ÆÁö´Â °ÍÀº Çϳªµµ ¾ø´Ù. °ÆÁ¤À̶õ ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀç¿¡ ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ °üÇØ °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì´Â °Í°ú È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì°í ÀÖ°í, ÇöÀçÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ º¸´Ù È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» Áشٸé À̰ÍÀº °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ÀϾ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áö±Ý ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÌ °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.

*move ³ª¼­´Ù take action: ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ³ª¼­·Á´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °Í °°´Ù. Nobody seems willing to move in the matter.

*concern ±Ù½É; ¿ì·Á anxiety: ¿ì·Á´Â µÇÁö¸¸ ³î¶ö ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. There is some cause for concern but no need for alarm.

*contribute ¾ß±â½ÃŰ´Ù; ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù help to bring about: ±×´Â ¼ú·Î ½Å¼¼¸¦ ¸ÁÃÆ´Ù. Drink contributed to his ruin.

You can spend the rest of your life worrying, and it will not change a thing. I define worry as being unable to move in the present because of concern about something in the future over which you have little control. You must be careful not to confuse this definition of worrying with planning for the future. If you are planning, and the present-moment activity contributes to a more effective future, this is not worry. It is worry only when you are unable to move now about a future happening.

9.9

¿ì¸®¸¦ È­³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çൿ Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â µ¿±â¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ´Ù. ¿À¼¿·Î´Â ¼Õ¼ö°Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ ¶§¹®¿¡ µ¥½ºµð¸ð³ª¸¦ ¸ñÁ¶¶ó Á׿´´Âµ¥ 5ºÐ¸¸ Â÷ºÐÈ÷ À̾߱âÇß´õ¶ó¸é ¿ÀÇØ´Â ±ú²ýÀÌ Ç®·È°í ¾Ç´ç ÀÌ¾ß°í°¡ Ä¡¸íŸ¸¦ ÀÔ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ »ç½ÇµéÀ» ÀǽÉÇØº¸´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº ¹ö¸©ÀÌ°í ±× »ç½Çµé¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µ¿±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀǽÉÀ» ÇØº¸´Â °ÍÀº ´õ¿í ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·±Àú·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ªÀÇ Ã¹ ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë¾ÒÀ» ¶§ Å͹«´Ï¾øÀÌ ºø³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø °æ¿ì´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ¾îÂî ¾È ±×·¸°Ú´Â°¡?

*spring from »ý°Ü³ª´Ù arise or come from: °©Àڱ⠾îµð¼­ ³ªÅ¸³µ³Ä? Where have you sprung from, where have you suddenly and unexpectedly appeared from?

*assign ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù put forward as a reason: ÀÌ »ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇØÁÙ »ç¶÷ ÀÖ³ª¿ä? Can anyone assign a cause to these events?

*smother Áú½Ä½ÃÄÑ Á×°Ô ÇÏ´Ù die or kill from lack of air; suffocate: ¿ì¿¬È÷ ħ´ë¿¡¼­ Áú½ÄÇØ Á×Àº ¾Æ±â a baby smothered in bed accidentally

*clear up ±ú²ýÀÌ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Ù make clear; solve (a mystery, etc.): ¿ÀÇØ¸¦ ±ú²ýÀÌ Ç®´Ù clear up a misunderstanding

*villain ¾ÇÇÑ wrongdoer; wicked person

*recall ȸ»óÇÏ´Ù; ±â¾ïÇÏ´Ù bring back to the mind; recollect: ±×ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ »ý°¢³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. I don't recall his name.

*as to ¡¦¿¡ °üÇÑ about: ³ÊÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ Àǹ® doubts as to whether you've made the right decision

*turn out ¡¦À¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÇ´Ù happen to be in the end: ±×ÀÇ Áø¼úÀº °ÅÁþÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. His statement turned out to be false.

*absurd ¾î¸®¼®Àº; ºÒÇÕ¸®ÇÑ against reason or common sense; clearly false or foolish: ºÐº°·Â ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ¶§·Î´Â ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÁþÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Even sensible men do absurd things.

*wide of the mark ºø³ª°£ not suitable, correct at all: ±×°¡ ³»°Ô ¸»ÇØÁØ »ç°ÇÀº »ç½Ç°ú °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö¾ú´Ù. What he told me had happened was quite wide of the mark.

Most of the actions of other people which give us annoyance spring from causes that have nothing to do with the motives we assign to them. Othello smothers Desdemona through a misunderstanding about a handkerchief that five minutes' quiet talk would have cleared up, with disastrous results to the villain, Iago. It is an excellent rule to distrust our reading of facts, still more our reading of other people's motives in relation to them. It is wrong in nine cases out of ten. I can hardly recall a case in which my first conclusion as to why So-and-So did this or that has not, on fuller knowledge, turned out to be absurdly wide of the mark. How can it be otherwise?

9.10

ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­ÀÇ »ýȰ °ø°£À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴ°¡? ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ÃæÁ·µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ »ý±â´Â°¡? Àα¸ °ú¹ÐÀÌ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ »çȸÇÐÀÚ¿Í ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Á㸦 °¡Áö°í ½ÇÇèÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¿¬±¸´Â ÁãµéÀÇ ÇൿÀº °ø°£¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù. ÃæºÐÇÑ »ýȰ °ø°£À» °¡Áø ÁãµéÀº Àß ¸Ô°í, Àß ÀÚ°í, ¹ø½ÄÀ» ÀßÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÇ »ýȰ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ³Ê¹« °ú¹ÐÇØÁö¸é Çൿ°ú °Ç°­ÀÌ ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ÁãÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁú¼ö·Ï ¼­·Î ¹°°í Á×À̱â±îÁö ÇÑ´Ù. ÁãµéÀÇ °æ¿ì °ú¹Ð°ú Æø·ÂÀº Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ Àΰ£ »çȸ¿¡¼­µµ ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢Àϱî?

*requirement ¿ä±¸; ¿ä°Ç something needed: ±×ÀÇ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×µéÀ» µé¾îÁÖ´Ù meet his requirements, do what he wants done

*adequate ÀûÀýÇÑ satisfactory; sufficient; enough for the purpose: ¿ì¸®´Â ¸íÀý¿¡ °É¸ÂÀº À½½ÄÀ» ¸Ô¾ú´Ù. We took adequate food for the holiday.

*meet ¸¸Á·½ÃŰ´Ù satisfy (a demand): ±×µéÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡ ¸¸Á·½º·± ÇØ¸íÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ³ª? Can you meet their objections, Can you answer them in a satisfactory way?

*conduct (¾÷¹« µîÀ») ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù; ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù control; direct; manage: ±×´Â »ç¾÷¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÏ°Ô Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù. He conducts his business affairs in a careless way.

*reproduce ¹ø½ÄÇÏ´Ù produce the young of: ¾î¶² ¿­´ë¾îµéÀº ¾ËÀ» ³º¾Æ ¹ø½ÄÇÑ´Ù. Some tropical fish reproduce by laying eggs.

*tension ±äÀå°¨ (a feeling of) nervous anxiety, worry or pressure: ÀÇ»ç´Â ³»°¡ ½Å°æ°ú¹ÎÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù. The doctor said I was suffering from nervous tension.

*tend ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù be inclined to move; have a direction: ±×´Â °øÀ» ³ôÀÌ ´øÁö´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. He tends to pitch the ball high.

*as well ¿ª½Ã also; too: ³ª´Â ·±´ø¿¡ °¡´Âµ¥ ´©À̵µ ÇÔ²² °¥ °Å´Ù. I'm going to London and my sister's coming as well.

How much living space does a person need? What happens when these space requirements are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowding on humans. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well, and reproduce well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and even their health change perceptibly. They cannot sleep and eat well and signs of fear and tension become obvious. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well?

9.11

±Ç·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á´Â ÁöµµÀÚ´Â Àڱ⺸´Ù ³ªÀº ¸ðµç ¼¼·ÂÀ» ¾ï´©¸£°í ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷À» Á¦°ÅÇϰí, ±³À°°ú °è¸ùÀ» ±ÝÁöÇϰí, ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ À̵¿À» ÅëÁ¦Çϰí, ±×µéÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ³ë¿¹»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô Çϸ鼭, Ä¡»çÇÏ°í ºñ±¼ÇÑ °Í¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁö±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç, ¸ðµç °÷¿¡ ½ºÆÄÀ̵éÀ» º¸³» ¸ðÀÓ¿¡¼­ ¹«½¼ ¸»À» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¿³µè°Ô Çϰí, ½Ã¹Îµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÐÀï°ú Áß»óÀ» ÆÛ¶ß¸®°í ±×µéÀ» ºó°ï¿¡ Çã´öÀÌ°Ô Çϰí, ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ý°¢À» ¸øÇÏ°Ô Çϰí, ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» °­¿äÇÑ´Ù.

*suppress ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Ù; Áø¾ÐÇÏ´Ù crush (an action or state) by force: ºÀ±â¸¦ Áø¾ÐÇÏ´Ù suppress a rising

*do away with ÆóÁöÇÏ´Ù abolish; get rid of: ±×°ÍÀº ÆóÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ü½ÀÀÌ´Ù That's a practice that should be done away with.

*perpetual ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping: ³ÊÀÇ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ºÒÆò¿¡ ÁöÃÆ´Ù. I'm tired of your perpetual complaints.

*servitude ³ë¿¹»óÅ condition of being forced to work for others and having no freedom: ±×µéÀº Á¤º¹Àڵ鿡°Ô ±¼Á¾ÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Ò´Ù. They spent their lives in servitude to the enemy conquerors.

*base õÇÑ, ºñ¿­ÇÑ low; dishonorable: º´»çµéÀº ÀûÀ» ¸¸³ª µµ¸ÁÄ£ ºñ¿­ÇÑ ÇàÀ§·Î ó¹úÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. The soldiers were punished for their base conduct in running away from the enemy.

*dissension ºÐÀï; ´ÙÅù angry quarrel: Á¤Ä¡Àû ´ë°á Áý´Ü »çÀÌÀÇ ºÐÀï dissension between rival groups in politics

*slander ¸ð·«, Áß»ó false statement that damages a person's reputation: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À» Áß»óÇÏ´Ù bring a slander action against somebody

*impoverish °¡³­¿¡ Âîµç cause to become poor: ÀÇ·áºñ ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡³­ÇØÁø impoverished by doctors' bills

*be obliged to ¾î¿ ¼ö¾øÀÌ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù be compelled to: ±×µéÀº ºúÀ» °±±â À§ÇØ ÁýÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ¾ßÇß´Ù. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.

*subject ±¹¹Î; ¹é¼º any member of a State except the supreme ruler: ¿µ±¹ ±¹¹Î a British subject

*impose on °­¿äÇÏ´Ù force on: ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ³ÊÀÇ »ý°¢À» °­¿äÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¶ó. Don't impose yourself on people who don't want you.

The leader who in order to hold his power suppresses every superiority, does away with good man, forbids education and light, controls every movement of the citizens and, keeping them under perpetual servitude, wants them to grow accustomed to baseness and cowardice, has his spies everywhere to listen to what is said in the meetings, and spreads dissension and slander among the citizens and impoverishes them, is obliged to make war in order to keep his subjects occupied and impose on them permanent need of a chief.

9.12

¿ì¸®°¡ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰í ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°¢ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº »ç½Ç ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â '½ÇÁ¦·Î °Å±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í'À» º¸Áö ¸øÇϰí, °Å±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹è¿î °ÍÀ» º»´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ´«Àº ¿µ»ó¸¸À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ·»ÁîÀ̸ç, ÀÌ ¿µ»óµéÀº ³ú¿¡ º¸³»Áö°í °Å±â¼­ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÐÅÏÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö°í Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù. Àǹ̶õ ±³À°°ú ±â´ë°¨¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ÇϳªÀÇ °üÇàÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â °´°üÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁÖ°üÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¹°À» º»´Ù.

*process ÁøÇà; °úÁ¤; ÀÛ¿ë any continued set of natural actions connected with life or matter: È£Èí ÀÛ¿ë the process of breathing

*take something for granted ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù regard it as true or as certain to happen: »õ·Î¿î µµ·Î¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. I take it for granted what we should build new roads.

*complicated º¹Àâ´Ù´ÜÇÑ made up of many parts: º¹ÀâÇÑ ±â°è a complicated machine

*refer to »óÁ¤½ÃŰ´Ù send, hand over to be dealt with, decided: ±× ºÐÀïÀº À¯¿£¿¡ »óÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. The dispute was referred to the United Nations.

*pattern ¸ðµ¨·Î »ï´Ù; ¸ð¹æÇÏ´Ù, º»¹Þ´Ù form the character, qualities, etc., of by copying; model: ±×´Â Á¸°æÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» º»¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. He patterned himself upon a man he admired.

*convention °ü½À; °ü·Ê practice or custom based on general consent: »çȸÀû °ü½À¿¡ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¸®¼®´Ù. It is silly to be a slave to social conventions.

*stem from ¡¦¿¡¼­ »ý°Ü³ª´Ù; Ãâ¹ßÇÏ´Ù arise from; have as origin: ±×³à°¡ ²É¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀ» ½Ã°ñ¿¡¼­ º¸³Â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Her interests in flowers stems from her childhood in the country.

The process we call seeing, which we all take for granted, is unbelievably complicated. We see not `what is there' but what we have been taught to see there. The human eye is a lens that only receives images; these images are referred to the brain, where they must be patterned and given meaning. And meaning is a convention that stems from our education and our expectations. We see things as we are, not as they are.

9.13

¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Ç㹫ÇÏ´Ù´Â ±âºÐÀ» ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ °æÇèÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ±×·± ±âºÐ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ °ÍÀº ¾î¶² öÇÐÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ±ä¹ÚÇÑ ÇൿÀÇ Çʿ伺 ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̰¡ ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù¸é ºÒÇàÇÒÁö¾ðÁ¤ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Ç㹫ÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢Àº ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àλý¿¡ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®°ú´Â °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̰¡ °Ç°­À» ȸº¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü½É»ç°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÎÀÚµµ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Ç㹫ÇÏ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» ÇÒ ¶§°¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀÖÁö¸¸ µ·À» ´Ù ÀÒ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø ³¢´Ï°¡ °áÄÚ Ç㹫ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Áö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*vanity Ç㹫 worthlessness; quality of being unsatisfying, without true value: Äè¶ôÀÇ Ç㹫ÇÔ the vanity of pleasure

*emerge ¹þ¾î³ª´Ù come out: »ç¾÷Àº ħü¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. The business is emerging from its difficulties.

*by means of ¡¦À» ÅëÇØ with the help of; through: »ç»óÀº ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù. Thoughts are expressed by means of words.

*owing to ¡¦¶§¹®¿¡ because of; on account of: ºñ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀº ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Owing to the rain they could not come.

*urgent ±ä±ÞÇÑ; Áß´ëÇÑ extremely pressing; gravely important: ±ä±ÞÇÑ ÀÏ·Î on urgent business

*imperative Áß´ëÇÑ urgent; essential: Áß´ëÇÑ ÀÓ¹« an imperative duty

*restore ȸº¹ÇÏ´Ù make well or normal again: °Ç°­ÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ȸº¹µÈ quite restored to health

*attend to ¿­ÁßÇÏ´Ù give care and thought to: ÀÚ±âÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ¿­ÁßÇÏ´Ù attend to one's work

*regardless of ¡¦¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ paying no attention to: ºñ¿ë¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ regardless of expense

*ultimate ±âº»ÀûÀÎ basic: ±âº» ¿øÄ¢µé ultimate principles

*by no means °áÄÚ ¡¦ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ not at all: ÀÌ Á¦Ç°µéÀº °áÄÚ ¸¸Á·½º·´Áö ¾Ê´Ù. These goods are by no means satisfactory.

I have frequently experienced myself the mood in which I felt that all is vanity; I have emerged from it not by means of any philosophy, but owing to some imperative necessity of action. If your child is ill, you may be unhappy, but you will not feel that all is vanity; you will feel that the restoring of the child to health is a matter to be attended to regardless of the question whether there is ultimate value in human life or not. A rich man may, and often does, feel that all is vanity, but if he should happen to lose his money, he would feel that his next meal was by no means vanity.

Á¦ 10 °ú

10.1

ÇÑ ½Ê´ë ¼Ò³âÀÌ ¾î´À ³¯ ¹ã ³»°¡ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ½ÄǰÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¸ÆÁÖ¸¦ »ç·ÁÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ½ÅºÐÁõÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÀÚ ±×´Â ºÒ·®ÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ º¸ÀÌ¸ç °¡·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °æÂûÀ» ºÎ¸£°Ú´Ù°í À§ÇùÇÏÀÚ ±×´Â ÀÚ±â Ä£±¸°¡ ±Ù¹« ÁßÀ̸ç "ºÎ¸£½º´Â ³ª¸¦ üÆ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Å¾ß"¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

"ijºê·² °æÂû°üÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Å¾ß?" ³»°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

"±×·¡¿ä," ½Ê´ë ¼Ò³âÀÌ À¸¸§ÀåÀ» ³õÀ¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "³ª´Â ±×¸¦ Àß ¾Ë±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºê¸£½º¶ó°í ºÒ·¯¿ä. ´ç½ÅÀº ijºê·² °æÂû°ü´ÔÀ̶ó°í ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ°Å¿ä."

"±×·¸Áöµµ ¾Ê¾Æ," ³»°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "³ª´Â ±×ºÐÀ» º¸Åë ¾Æºü¶ó°í ºÎ¸£Áö."

*grocery ½Ä·á ÀâÈ­Á¡ a shop which sells dry and preserved foods, like flour, coffee, sugar, rice, and other things for the home, such as matches and soap: ½Ä·áǰÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¹Ð°¡·ç¸¦ Á¶±Ý »ò´Ù. I bought some flour at the grocer's.

*ID ½ÅºÐÁõ an identity card

*abusive »ó½º·± ¸»À» ÇÏ´Â using unkind, cruel, or rude language: ¿åÀïÀÌ an abusive person

*on duty ±Ù¹« ÁßÀÎ at work: ³ª´Â À̹ø ÁÖ ¾ß°£ ±Ù¹«¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. I'm on night-duty this week.

*growl À¸¸£··°Å¸®´Ù make a deep rough sound in the throat to show anger or give warning: ¾Æºü´Â ¿À´Ã ±âºÐÀÌ ³ªºü¼­ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª À¸¸£··°Å¸°´Ù. Dad's in a bad mood and he's growling at everyone today.

A teen-ager tried to purchase beer one night at the grocery store where I work. When I asked for an ID, he became abusive and refused to leave. I threatened to call the police, but he informed me that his friend was on duty and "Bruce would never arrest me."

"You mean Officer Cabral?" I asked.

"Yeah," growled the teen-ager, "only I know him well enough to call him Bruce. You have to call him Officer Cabral."

"Not really," I replied. "I usually call him Dad."

10.2

ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼¼ÀÏÁî¸ÇÀÌ Á×Àº ÈÄ Ãµ±¹ ¹®¿¡¼­ º£µå·Î¸¦ ¸¸³­´Ù. º£µå·Î´Â ¼¼ÀÏÁî¸Ç¿¡°Ô õ±¹°ú Áö¿ÁÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. º£µå·Î´Â ¸ÕÀú õ±¹À» º¸¿©Áִµ¥ ±×°÷¿¡´Â ÇÏ¾á ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÏÇÁ¸¦ ¿¬ÁÖÇϸç À̸®Àú¸® µÕµÕ ¶°´Ù´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. "Àç¹Ì°¡ ¾ø³×." ¼¼ÀÏÁî¸ÇÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½¿¡ º£µå·Î´Â Áö¿ÁÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¿¹º¹À» ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÆÄƼ, ÁÁÀº À½½Ä°ú ¼ú, Àç¹ÌÀÖ°Ô ³î°í ÀÖ´Â µíÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸ÀÚ "Áö¿ÁÀ» ÅÃÇϰھî¿ä."¶ó°í ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

±×°¡ Áö¿Á ¹®À» µé¾î¼­ÀÚ Áï½Ã 10¿©¸íÀÇ ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ ´Þ·Áµé¾î ¼è°¥Äû·Î Â´Ù. "À̺Á¿ä," ¼¼ÀÏÁî¸ÇÀº ¿·À¸·Î Áö³ª°¡´Â »çź¿¡°Ô µûÁø´Ù. "³»°¡ º¸¾Ò´ø ÆÄƼ´Â ¾îÂîµÈ °Å¿ä?"

"¾ÆÇÏ," »çźÀÌ ´ë´äÇÑ´Ù. "¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼±Àü¿ë °ßº»À» º» °Ô·Î±º."

*pearly gates õ±¹ ¹® the gates of heaven

*robe ±ä °Ñ¿Ê long, loose outer garment

*toga ¿¾ ·Î¸¶ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÌ ÀÔ¾ú´ø ±ä °Ñ¿Ê a long loose flowing outer garment worn by the citizens of ancient Rome

*set upon °ø°ÝÇÏ´Ù attack: ±×´Â °­µµµéÀ» ¸¸³ª µ·À» ´Ù »©¾Ñ°å´Ù. He was set upon by robbers who took all his money.

*poke ²À Â´Ù push sharply; jab: »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿·±¸¸®¸¦ Â´Ù poke a man in the ribs

*pitchfork °¥Äû a long-handled farm tool with two long curved metal points

*demo ½Ã¹ü; ¼±Àü¿ë °ßº» demonstration; an act of showing: ±×³à´Â ±â°èÀÇ ÀÛµ¿¹ýÀ» ½Ã¹üÀ¸·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. She gave us a demo of the machine to show how it worked.

A computer salesman dies and meets St. Peter at the Pearly Gates. St. Peter tells the salesman that he can choose between heaven and hell. First he shows the man heaven, where people in white robes play harps and float around. "Dull," says the salesman.

Next, St. Peter shows him hell: toga parties, good food and wine, and people looking as though they're having a fine time. "I'll take hell," he says.

He enters the gates of hell and is immediately set upon by a dozen demons, who poke him with pitchforks. "Hey," the salesman demands as Satan walks past, "what happened to the party I saw going on?"

"Ah," Satan replies. "You must have seen our demo."

10.3

³ªÀÇ ¼÷¸ð´Â ¼Ò¸Å »óÁ¡¿¡¼­ °í°´ÀÇ ºÒ¸¸ »çÇ×À» ó¸®ÇØÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼÷¸ð¿Í ¼÷ºÎ´Â ¸»´ÙÅùÀ» Çߴµ¥ È­ÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼÷ºÎ°¡ °í°´ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®´Â ÁÙ¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Â÷·Ê°¡ µÇÀÚ ±×´Â ±×³àÀÇ ±Í¿¡ ´ë°í ±×³¯ ¹ã Àú³áÀ» »çÁÖ°Ú´Ù°í ¼Ó»è¿´´Ù. ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ¹à¾ÆÁø ¼÷¸ð´Â ±×¿¡°Ô Å« Ű½º¸¦ ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

ÁÙ¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ´ø ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ù°¡¼­¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "³ªµµ Àú »ç¶÷°ú °°Àº ¾Ö·Î Á¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù."

*deal with ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù take action about; tackle: ¸ðµç ºÒ¸¸ »çÇ×µéÀº °ü¸®ÀÎÀÌ Ã³¸®ÇØÁØ´Ù. All complaints will be dealt with by the manager.

*complaint ºÒ¸¸ »çÇ× a statement or cause of annoyance, dissatisfaction, unhappiness, pain, etc.: ÇлýµéÀº ±Þ½Ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ºÒ¸¸ »çÇ×µéÀ» ¸®½ºÆ®·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇß´Ù. The pupils made a list of their complaints about school meals.

*retail ¼Ò¸Å the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else: ¼Ò¸Åǰ goods at retail

*make up È­ÇØÇÏ´Ù become friends again (after a quarrel): ´©ÀÌ¿Í È­ÇØÇÒ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. It's time you made it up with your sister.

My aunt deals with customer complaints at a retail store. She and my uncle had had an argument, and to make up he waited in her customer-service line. When it was his turn, he whispered in her ear that he'd take her out to dinner that night. Her face lit up, and she gave him a big kiss.

The next man in line stepped up and said, "I'm complaining about the same thing he was."

10.4

Áö³­ Åä¿äÀÏ ¹ã µþÀÇ ¾ÆÆÄÆ®¿¡ Â÷¸¦ ¼¼¿î ÈÄ ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Â÷¿¡ ºÒÀÌ ÄÑÁ®ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ³»·Á¿Í¼­ ¹åµ¥¸®¸¦ ÃæÀüÇØ ÁÖ°Ú´Ù´Â ÂÊÁö¸¦ Â÷â¿¡ ³¢¿ö³õ¾Ò´Ù.

»õº® 3½Ã°æ ÀüÈ­ º§ÀÌ ¿ï¸®¸ç ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. "Æó¸¦ ³¢ÃÄ Á˼ÛÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ìÀÇ ÂÊÁö¸¦ Àоú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹åµ¥¸® ÃæÀüÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸é °¨»çÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù."

¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³» Â÷ÀÇ ºÒÀ» Äѳõ¾Ò´Ù. ±×°¡ Â÷¸¦ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±×´Â ³»°Ô µ·À» ÁöºÒÇÏ·Á Çß´Ù. "±¦Âú½À´Ï´Ù," ³ª´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¾ðÁ¦µç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» µµ¿ÍÁÖµµ·Ï Çϼ¼¿ä."

ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§ ³» Â÷·Î °¬À» ¶§, ºÒÀ» Äѳõ¾Æ¼­ ¹åµ¥¸®°¡ ³ª°£ °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.

*windshield (ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¾ÕÀÇ) ¹Ù¶÷¸·ÀÌ À¯¸® a windscreen

*boost ¹Ð¾î¿Ã¸² an increase or improvement: µÚ¿¡¼­ ¹Ð¾îÁÖ´Ù give a person a boost.

*appreciate °¨»çÇÏ´Ù be thankful or grateful for: µµ¿ÍÁ༭ °í¸¿´Ù. I appreciate your help.

After parking our car at my daughter's apartment late Saturday night, I noticed the one next to it had its lights on. I left a note on the windshield with the telephone number, saying I'd come down and give the battery a boost if needed.

About 3 a.m. the phone rang and a man said, "I'm sorry to bother you, but I read your note and sure would appreciate a boost."

I turned on my car lights to see what we were doing, and after I got him started, he offered to pay me. "No thanks," I replied. "Just help some other motorist sometime."

When I went to my car on Sunday morning, I discovered I had left my lights on, and the battery was dead.

10.5

10´ëÀÎ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ¹æ û¼Ò¸¦ ½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀº ±²ÀåÈ÷ Èûµç ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. °á±¹ ³ª´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À§ÇùÇß´Ù. "¿ù¿äÀϱîÁö ¹æ û¼Ò¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³»°¡ ÇϰڴÙ."

¿ù¿äÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¾û¸ÁÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°¡ Çб³¿¡ °¥ ¶§ ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ÇÑ ¸»À» »ó±â½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¼´Ùº¸´Ï ¸÷½Ã ¹Ù»Û ÀÏÀÌ »ý°Ü û¼Ò¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. Áý¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Â ¾ÆµéÀº ¾Æ¹« ¸»µµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³» ¿·À» °ðÀå Áö³ª°¬´Ù. Àá½Ã ÈÄ ºÎ¾ýÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Â ±×´Â ³» ¾î±ú¸¦ ¾ó½Î¾ÈÀ¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. "°í¸¶¿ö¿ä, ¾ö¸¶, ³» ¸¾¿¡ ²À ¸Â°Ô ¹æ û¼Ò¸¦ ÇØÁּ̱º¿ä."

*monumental ´ë´ÜÇÑ (of something bad) very great in degree: ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¾î¸®¼®À½ monumental stupidity

*threaten Çù¹ÚÇÏ´Ù announce something using a threat: Á¾¾÷¿øÀ» ÇØ°í½ÃŲ´Ù°í Çù¹ÚÇÏ´Ù threaten an emplyoee with dismissal

*disaster ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½ÇÆÐ complete failure: ÆÄƼ¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ÁÃÆ´Ù. The party was an absolute disaster.

Trying to get my teen-age son to clean his room was a monumental struggle. Finally I threatened, "If you don't have that room cleaned by Monday, I'll clean it for you!"

Monday morning came, and it was still a disaster. As he left for school, I reminded him of my threat. As it happened, I was so busy I never got to it. When he came home, he walked straight by me without saying a word. A few moments later he came back into the kitchen, put his arm around my shoulders and said, "Thanks, Mom, you cleaned my room just the way I like it."

10.6

Á¦Ç° È«º¸¿ä¿øÀÎ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀÌ¾îÆ® À½·á¸¦ ¼±ÀüÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. óÀ½ ÀÌÆ²°£ ±×³à´Â ¸öÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ÀÌ¸ð¿¡°Ô ´ë½Å ÀÏÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ºÎŹÇß´Ù. 3ÀÏ Â° µÇ´Â ³¯ ´Ù½Ã Á÷Àå¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Â ±×³à´Â 3¸íÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ ¿ÜÆÇ¿øµéÀÌ ¼­¼º°Å¸®´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¦ º¸´õ´Ï ¸ø ¹Ï°Ú´Ù´Â µí ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Èçµé¾ú´Ù. °á±¹ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÎÁö ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù. "´ç½ÅÀÌ ÆÈ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÁøÂ¥ ±âÀûÀûÀÎ À½·áÀΰ¡ ºÁ¿ä." ±×µéÀÌ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "³î¶ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÆ²¸¸¿¡ üÁßÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁÙ¾ú½À´Ï±î?"

¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í À̸ð´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ´à¾Ò´Âµ¥ À̸𰡠30ÆÄ¿îµå Á¤µµ üÁßÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù.

*promote (ÆÇ¸Å¸¦) ÃËÁø½ÃŰ´Ù bring (goods) to public notice in order to encourage people to buy: »õ·Î ³ª¿Â Ä¡¾àÀÇ ÆÇ¸ÅÃËÁøÀ» À§ÇÑ ´ë´ëÀûÀÎ ±¤°í a big advertising campaign to promote our new toothpaste

*beverage À½·á any sort of drink except water, eg. milk, tea, wine, beer

*indisposed ±âºÐÀÌ ¾ð¨Àº; ¸öÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº; ¸¶À½ÀÌ ³»Å°Áö ¾Ê´Â not very well:ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ±âºÐÀÌ ¾È ÁÁÀº temporarily indisposed

*substitute ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Ù be used instead: ±×´Â º´ÀÌ ³­ ÀϲÛÀ» ´ë½ÅÇß´Ù. He substituted for the worker who was ill.

*skeptical ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ having doubt: ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿ì¸® ÆÀÀÌ ÀÌ±æ °Å¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ª´Â ȸÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù. Everyone says our team will win, but I'm skeptical.

*odd ÀÌ»óÇÑ different from what is ordinary or expected; unusual: ±×³à°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÆíÁö¿¡ ´äÀåÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº Âü ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù. It's very odd that she didn't reply to our letter.

As a product demonstrator, my mother had to promote a diet beverage in a supermarket. During the first two days she was indisposed, so she asked her sister to substitute for her. Back on the job the third day, she noticed two salesgirls walking past several times. They looked at her, then shook their heads skeptically. Finally my mother asked them what they found so odd. "This must be a real miracle drink you're offering," they replied. "Amazing, how much weight you've lost in only two days!"

My mother and her sister look very much alike, but my aunt is about 30 pounds heavier.

10.7

¼¼°è ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¸¹Àº ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­ ±×·¯ÇßµíÀÌ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¿ì¸®µé °¡¿îµ¥ Çö¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº °ú°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿­Á¤µéÀ» ÅëÂûÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó »îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ßÇØ¸¦ °®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤¸» ºÒÇàÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ºÒÇàÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ¸ç ºÒÇàÀº ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀ̹ǷΠ¹®¸íÀÎÀÌ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇÕ¸®Àû ŵµ¶ó°í ¿©±â°í ÀÖ´Ù.

*enthusiasm ¿­Á¤; ¿­±¤ strong feeling of admiration or interest: ûÁßÀ» ¿­±¤½ÃŲ ¿¬±Ø a play that moved the audience to enthusiasm

*genuine ÁøÂ¥ÀÇ true; real: ÁøÂ¥ ¼­¸í a genuine signature

*attribute ¡¦¶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù consider as coming from: ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇ߱⠶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. He attributes his success to hard work.

*rational ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ sensible; that can be tested by reasoning: ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Çൿ/¼³¸í rational conduct/explanations

*enlighten °è¸ù½ÃŰ´Ù; ±ú¿ìÄ¡´Ù free from ignorance, prejudice, superstition: ¿À´Ã³¯Ã³·³ °³È­µÈ ½Ã´ë¿¡ in these enlightened days

It is common in our day, as it has been in many other periods of the world's history, to suppose that those among us who are wise have seen through all the enthusiasms of earlier times and have become aware that there is nothing left to live for. The men who hold this view are genuinely unhappy, but they are proud of their unhappiness, which they attribute to the nature of the universe and consider to be the only rational attitude for an enlightened man.

10.8

´ç½Ã ³ª´Â »çÄ¡½º·± ÃëÇâÀ» °¡Áø ¾î¶² ÀþÀº ¿©¼º¿¡°Ô ¸¶À½ÀÌ ²ø·È´Âµ¥ °æ¹Ú½º·± ±×³à°¡ °¥¸ÁÇÏ´Â »çġǰµéÀ» »çÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ· ¸¹Àº ¼þ¹èÀÚµé ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ªÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀº ¹ø¹øÀÌ ÁÂÀýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ³»°¡ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ÁøÁöÇÑ ¼ºÇ°°ú À¯¸ð °¨°¢»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. Ã¥À» ÇÑ ±Ç ½á¼­ 3, 4¹é ÆÄ¿îµå¸¦ ¹ú¾î °æÀïÀÚµé°ú ¸Â¼­±â·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸Å·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¹«¸® ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇØµµ ¼Ò¼³ ÇÑ ÆíÀ» ¾²·Á¸é »ó´çÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸°´Ù. ÃâÆÇÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ±×·± ´ÙÀ½¿¡µµ ÃâÆÇ¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ ´ÞÀÌ Áö³­ ´ÙÀ½¿¡¾ß µ·À» ÁöºÒÇÑ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ³»°¡ µ·À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ Áö¼ÓµÉ °Í °°¾Ò´ø ³ªÀÇ ¿­Á¤Àº ¾ø¾îÁ³°í, óÀ½¿¡ ÀǵµÇß´ø µ¥·Î µ·À» ¾²°í ½ÍÀº ¸¶À½ÀÌ ÃßÈ£µµ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× µ·À¸·Î ³ª´Â ÀÌÁýÆ® ¿©ÇàÀ» Çß´Ù.

*take ¸ÅȤ½ÃŰ´Ù charm; attract: ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ¹ÝÇß´Ù. He was much taken with her.

*extravagant ³¶ºñÀûÀÎ wasteful: ±×³à´Â ³¶ºñ°¡ ½ÉÇÑ ¿©ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. She's an extravagant woman.

*gratification ¸¸Á·ÇÑ »óÅ state of being pleased or satisfied: ³ª´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ´ÙÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±â»Ú´Ù. I have the gratification of knowing that I have done my duty.

*frustrate ÁÂÀý½ÃŰ´Ù prevent from being carried out: ±× Á˼ö´Â °¨½Ã¿ø ¶§¹®¿¡ Å»ÃâÀÌ ÁÂÀýµÇ¾ú´Ù. In his attempts to escape, the prisoner was frustrated by a watchful guard.

*opulent ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ rich; wealthy: ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ È¯°æ opulent surroundings

*disposition ¼ºÇâ person's natural qualities of mind and character: ±×´Â ¼º°ÝÀÌ ³«ÃµÀûÀÌ´Ù. He has a happy disposition.

*elapse (½Ã°£ÀÌ) Áö³ª°¡´Ù pass away: ±×°¡ 6¿ù¿¡ ¶°³ª 3°³¿ùÀÌ Áö³µÀ¸´Ï±î ÀÌÁ¦ 9¿ùÀÌ´Ù. He went away in June, and now 3 months have elapsed and it's September.

*for ever ¿µ¿øÈ÷ for all time: ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀüÀïÅÍ¿¡ ³ª°¬À» ¶§, ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÀÛº°À̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. When her son went to fight in the war, his mother felt she'd said goodbye to him for ever.

*extinct ¾ø¾îÁø having died out: ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ä¼úÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. The belief in magic is almost extinct today.

I was at the time much taken with a young person of extravagant tastes, and the gratification of my desires was frustrated by the attentions of more opulent admirers who were able to provide the luxuries that her frivolous soul hankered after. I had nothing much to offer but a serious disposition and a sense of humor. I determined to write a book that would enable me to earn three or four hundred pounds with which I could hold my own with my rivals. For the young person was attractive. But even if you work hard it takes a long time to write a novel; you have to get it published; then publishers do not pay you till many months have elapsed. The result was that by the time I received the money the passion that I had thought would last for ever was extinct and I had no longer the slightest wish to spend it in the way I had intended. I went to Egypt on it.

10.9

±Û¾²´Â °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¼ú¸¸Å­ ½±Áö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ´©±¸³ª Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÆíÁö¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´©±¸³ª Ã¥À» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ ±ÛÀ» Àß ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿äÁòÀº ±Û¾²±â°¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¿À¶ôÀÎ °Í °°´Ù. ¿Â °¡Á·ÀÌ Áñ°Å¿î ¸¶À½À¸·Î ±³È¸¿¡ µé¾î°¡ µí ±ÛÀ» ¾´´Ù. ¿©ÀÚµéÀº Áö·çÇÑ Àӽű⸦ º¸³»±â À§ÇØ ¼Ò¼³À» ¾´´Ù. µûºÐÇØÁø ±ÍÁ·µé, ÇØ°í´çÇÑ °æÂû°üµé, ÅðÁ÷ÇÑ °ø¹«¿øµéÀÌ ¼ú ¸¶½Ãµí ¼±¶æ ÆæÀ» Àâ´Â´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã¥À» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ÒÁúÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ ÆØ¹èÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÁÁÀº Ã¥À» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº À߸øÀÌ´Ù.

*no less¡¦than °°Àº Á¤µµ·Î ¡¦ÇÑ as much¡¦as: À̰͵µ Àú°Í¸¸Å­ ¾î·Æ´Ù. This is no less difficult than that.

*notion »ý°¢; °ßÇØ idea; opinion: ±×´Â ³»°¡ ±×¸¦ ¼ÓÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. He has a notion that I'm cheating him.

*relaxation ±âºÐ Àüȯ recreation: ±âºÐ ÀüȯÀ¸·Î Á¤±¸³ª ÇÏÀÚ. Let's play tennis as a relaxation.

*take to ¡¦À» ÀϰŸ®·Î »ï´Ù adopt as a practice or hobby, as a means of livelihood: ÀºÅðÇϰí Á¤¿ø ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Ù take to gardening when one retires

*while the time away ÇѰ¡È÷ ½Ã°£À» º¸³»´Ù pass the time in a leisurely way: ±â´Ù¸®´Â µ¿¾È Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¸ç ½Ã°£À» º¸³Â´Ù. He whiled away the hours of waiting by reading a book.

*axe ÇØ°í½ÃŰ´Ù dismiss: ±×´Â ÇØ°í´çÇß´Ù. He's just been axed.

*abroad ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø over a wide area; everywhere: ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀº °ð ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ³´Ù. The news soon spread abroad.

*imply ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Ù give or make a suggestion: ¶§·Î´Â ħ¹¬ÀÌ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Silence sometimes implies consent.

The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts and yet, because he can read and write a letter, there is a notion that anyone can write well enough to write a book. Writing seems now the favorite relaxation of the human race. Whole families will take to it as in happier times they entered religious houses. Women will write novels to while away their pregnancies; bored noblemen, axed officers, retired civil servants, fly to the pen as one might fly to the bottle. There is an impression abroad that everyone has it in him to write one book; but if by this is implied a good book the impression is false.

10.10

ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö¶õ ¹° ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡ ¹°°í±â¿Í °°´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯ ÀÇÁö´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Çà»çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Æø±º Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ¿À·ù´Â Æø±ºÀº ÀÚÀ¯·ÓÁö¸¸ ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ³ë¿¹¶ó´Â Á¡À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¹¹ÎÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î ¸¸µé¹Ç·Î¼­ Æø±ºµµ ³ë¿¹°¡ µÇ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÐÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇÐÁ¤À» ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÐÁ¤À» À¯ÁöÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ ÆíÇùÇÏ°Ô °áÁ¤µÇ¹Ç·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇൿÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

*fallacy ±×¸©µÈ »ý°¢; ¿À·ù false reasoning or argument: ±×¸©µÈ »ý°¢À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Áø¼ú a statement based on fallacy

*tyranny ȾÆ÷ cruel or unjust use of power: ½Ã°èÀÇ È¾Æ÷ the tyranny of the clock, which makes us get up when we don't want to

*subject ½Ã¹Î; ±¹¹Î a person owing loyalty to a certain state or royal ruler: ¿µ±¹ ±¹¹Î a subject of the United Kingdom

*maintain À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù keep in existence: »ç¸·¿¡¼­ »ý¸íÀ» ºÎÁöÇϱâ´Â ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù. It isn't easy to maintain life in the desert.

Freedom of will in a world without freedom is like a fish in a world without water. It cannot exist because it cannot use itself. The greatest fallacy of political tyranny has always been that the tyrant is free while his subjects are enslaved; but he is enslaved by his own enslaving, tyrannized by his own tyranny. He is not free to act as he wishes because what he wishes is determined, and generally very narrowly, by the demands of maintaining tyranny.

10.11

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¹Àº µ·À» ¹ú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á÷¾÷À» ÅÃÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ŵµ´Â »çȸÀû ¿ä±¸¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù. Áý¼¼¸¦ ³»°í À½½ÄÀ» »ç·Á¸é ÃæºÐÇÑ µ·ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Áß»êÃþ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ µ·°ú ¸í¿¹°¡ ÀλýÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥¶ó´Â »ý°¢¿¡ °¨È÷ µµÀüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº µå¹°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼øÀüÈ÷ Àç¹ÌÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Á÷Àå ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿ë±â¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µµ µå¹°´Ù.

*occupation Á÷¾÷ a job; employment: À̸§, ÁÖ¼Ò ±×¸®°í Á÷¾÷À» ¸»ÇϽÿÀ. Please state your name, address, and occupation.

*result in ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù bring about; have as a consequence: ±×µéÀÇ Çù»óÀº °á±¹ ½ÇÆÐ·Î ³¡³µ´Ù. Their negotiation resulted in failure.

*affluent dz¿äÇÑ wealthy; abundant: dz¿äÇÑ »çȸ the affluent society

*rent Áý¼¼ regular payment for the use of land, a building, a roon or rooms: Áý¼¼¸¦ 3ÁÖ Â° ¹Ð¸®´Ù owe three weeks' rent for one's house

*challenge (Á¤´ç¼ºÀ») µûÁö´Ù question the lawfulness or rightness of: ±×³à´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹ý·üÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» µûÁ³´Ù. She challenged the justice of the new law.

*seldom µå¹°°Ô ¡¦ÇÏ´Â not often; rarely: ±×´Â ¾ÆÄ§½Ä»ç¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Seldom does he eat any breakfast.

*execute ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Ù carry out; perform or do completely: °èȹÀº ÁÁ¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÁýÇàÀÌ ³ª»¦´Ù. The plan was good but it was badly executed.

Most people try to select occupations that will result in large incomes. This attitude of affluence results from the demands of society. One must have enough money to pay the rent and to buy food. Seldom does the middle class American dare to challenge the idea that money and glory are the most important goals in his life. Also, he rarely has the courage to execute a job simply because he likes the work.

10.12

°æÀï¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇູÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀ̶ó°í Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô °­Á¶Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ¼ºÃë°¨ÀÌ ÀλýÀ» º¸´Ù Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇØÁشٴ °ÍÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀþÀº ½ÃÀýÀ» ¹«¸íÀ¸·Î Áö³Â´ø È­°¡´Â ±×ÀÇ Àç´ÉÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ´õ Çàº¹ÇØ Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µ·ÀÌ ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö´Â ÇູÀ» ³ô¿©Áشٴ °Íµµ ºÎÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× Á¤µµ¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼­¸é ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³»°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀº ¼º°øÀ̶õ ¾îµð±îÁö³ª ÇູÀÇ ÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ¸ç ¼º°øÀ» À§ÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Èñ»ýÇÑ´Ù¸é ³Ê¹«³ª ºñ½Ñ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

*spring from (°©ÀÚ±â) ³ªÅ¸³ª´Ù; ÀϾ´Ù; ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Ù arise or come from: È®½Å¿¡¼­ ¿ì·¯³ª¿À´Â ¿ë±â courage springing form conviction

*obscure Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº not well known: Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ½ÃÀÎ an obscure poet

*win get: He soon won a reputation for himself.

*recognition ÀÎÁ¤; ÁÖ¸ñ consideration; notice; attention: Å©°Ô ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ´Ù receive much recognition

*maintain ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù assert as true: Á˰¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù maintain that one is innocent of a charge

*ingredient ¼ººÐ; ¿ä¼Ò one of the parts of a mixture: ÀΰÝÀÇ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Òµé the ingredients of a man's character

The root of the trouble springs from too much emphasis upon competitive success as the main source of happiness. I do not deny that the feeling of success makes it easier to enjoy life. A painter, let us say, who has been obscure throughout his youth, is likely to become happier if his talent wins recognition. Nor do I deny that money, up to a certain point, is very capable of increasing happiness; beyond that point, I do not think it does so. What I do maintain is that success can only be one ingredient in happiness, and is too dearly purchased if all the other ingredients have been sacrificed to obtain it.

10.13

¸ðµç À§´ëÇÑ Ã¥µé¿¡´Â Áö·çÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¸ðµç À§ÀεéÀÇ Àλý¿¡µµ Àç¹Ì¾ø´Â ½Ã±â°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Çö´ëÀÇ ÃâÆÇ¾÷ÀÚ°¡ ±¸¾à¼º°æÀ» ÃÖÃÊ·Î Á¦ÃâµÈ ¿ø°í·Î º¸¾Ò´Ù°í »ó»óÇØº¸ÀÚ. ¿¬´ë±â Æí¿¡ °üÇØ ±×°¡ ¾î¶² ¸»À» ÇÒÁö ÁüÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. "À̺¸½Ã¿À, ÀÌ ÀåÀº Àç¹Ì°¡ ¾ø±º¿ä. º°·Î ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ À̸§¸¸ ÀÜ¶à ³ª¿­ÇسõÀº °ÍÀ» º¸°í µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ Àç¹ÌÀÖ¾î ÇϰڽÀ´Ï±î? À̾߱⸦ ¸ÚÁö°Ô ½ÃÀÛÇß°í óÀ½¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº ÀλóÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº À̾߱⸦ ÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇϴ±º¿ä. Áß¿äÇÑ ³»¿ë¸¸ Ã߸®°í, ³ÊÀýÇÑ °ÍµéÀº »©¹ö·Á¼­, ºÐ·®À» Àû´çÇÏ°Ô ÁÙÀÎ ´ÙÀ½ ¿ø°í¸¦ ´Ù½Ã °¡Á®¿À½Ã¿À."

*portion ºÎºÐ part: ¾à°£ÀÇ ÅäÁö a portion of land

*stretch ±æÀÌ; ¹üÀ§ length; extent: ±ä ½Ã°£ a long stretch of time

*confront ´ë¸é½ÃŰ´Ù bring face to face: ¹üÁËÀÇ Áõ°Å¸¦ µéÀÌ´ë´Ù confront a person with evidence of his crime

*submit Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Ù present; offer for consideration: »õ·Î¿î °èȹ¾ÈÀ» Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Ù submit new plans

*genealogy ¿¬´ë±â; °èº¸ the history of the members of a family from the past to the present

*pep Ȱ·Â keen activity and forcefulness; vigor: »ý±â°¡ ³ÑÄ£ full of pep

*proper name °íÀ¯¸í»ç name used for an individual person, town, etc. e.g. Mary, Prague

*admit ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù acknowledge: ±×³à´Â (°í¿ëÁÖ¿¡°Ô) ±×³à°¡ ½Ç¼öÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. She admitted (to her employer) that she had made a mistake.

*highlight °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐ most conspicuous or prominent part: °æ±âÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Àå¸é the highlight of the game

*superfluous ¿©ºÐÀÇ, ³²¾Æµµ´Â more than is needed; redundant: ÀÌ »§Àº ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸° ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÜ¶à ¸Ô¾ú´Ù. This bread is superfluous; we already have as much as we can eat.

*reduce ¹Ù²Ù´Ù; Ãà¼Ò½ÃŰ´Ù change: Áø¼úÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀ¸·Î ¿ä¾àÇÏ´Ù reduce a statement to its simplest form

All great books contain boring portions, and all great lives have contained uninteresting stretches. Imagine a modern publisher confronted with the Old Testament as a new manuscript submitted to him for the first time. It is not difficult to think what his comments would be, for example, on the genealogists. "Mr. dear sir," he would say, "this chapter lacks pep; you can't expect your reader to be interested in a mere string of proper names of persons about whom you tell him so little. You have begun your story, I will admit, in fine style, and at first I was very favorably impressed, but you have altogether too much wish to tell it all. Pick out the high lights, take out the superfluous matter, and bring me back your manuscript when you have reduced it to a reasonable length."




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